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'''[[101- Introduction|Section 101 Introduction]]'''
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== [[101- Introduction|Section 101 Introduction]] ==
:[[101- Introduction#101.1 Purpose|101.1 Purpose]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.1 Purpose|101.1 Purpose]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual|101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual|101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.3 Policy|101.3 Policy]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.3 Modifications to the Design Manual|101.3 Modifications to the Design Manual]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.4 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards|101.4 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.4 Policy|101.4 Policy]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.1 Design Specification Reference Nomenclature|101.4.1 Design Specification Reference Nomenclature]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.5 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards|101.5 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.2 Design Specifications|101.4.2 Design Specifications]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.1 Design Specification Reference Nomenclature|101.5.1 Design Specification Reference Nomenclature]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.3 AASHTO Interim Specifications and New Editions|101.4.3 AASHTO Interim Specifications and New Editions]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.2 Design Specifications|101.5.2 Design Specifications]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.4 Deviations from Specifications|101.4.4 Deviations from Specifications]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.3 AASHTO Interim Specifications and New Editions|101.5.3 AASHTO Interim Specifications and New Editions]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.5 Order of Precedence|101.4.5 Order of Precedence]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.4 Deviations from Specifications|101.5.4 Deviations from Specifications]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.6 Modifications to the Design Manual|101.4.6 Modifications to the Design Manual]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.5 Order of Precedence|101.5.5 Order of Precedence]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.4.7 Additional Reference Manuals and Documents|101.4.7 Additional Reference Manuals and Documents]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.6 Additional Reference Manuals and Documents|101.5.6 Additional Reference Manuals and Documents]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.5 Terms|101.5 Terms]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.6 Terms|101.6 Terms]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.1 Bridge Types|101.5.1 Bridge Types]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.6.1 Bridge Types|101.6.1 Bridge Types]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.2 Roadway Types|101.5.2 Roadway Types]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.6.2 Roadway Types|101.6.2 Roadway Types]]
:::[[101- Introduction#101.5.2.1 Functional Classification|101.5.2.1 Functional Classification]]
:::[[101- Introduction#101.6.2.1 Functional Classification|101.6.2.1 Functional Classification]]
:::[[101- Introduction#101.5.2.2 National Highway System|101.5.2.2 National Highway System]]
:::[[101- Introduction#101.6.2.2 National Highway System|101.6.2.2 National Highway System]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.5.3 Project Types|101.5.3 Project Types]]
::[[101- Introduction#101.6.3 Project Types|101.6.3 Project Types]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.6 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement|101.6 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.7 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement|101.7 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.7 Computer Software|101.7 Computer Software]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.8 Computer Software|101.8 Computer Software]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.8 Feedback|101.8 Feedback]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.9 Feedback|101.9 Feedback]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.9 References|101.9 References]]
:[[101- Introduction#101.10 References|101.10 References]]
 
 
'''[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements|Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements]]'''


==  [[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements|Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements]] ==
:[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements#102.1 Plan Presentation|102.1 Plan Presentation]]
:[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements#102.1 Plan Presentation|102.1 Plan Presentation]]
::[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements#102.1.1 Drafting Standards|102.1.1 Drafting Standards]]
::[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements#102.1.1 Drafting Standards|102.1.1 Drafting Standards]]
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:[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements#102.12 References|102.12 References]]
:[[102 - Bridge Design Submission Requirements#102.12 References|102.12 References]]


==  [[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection|Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection]] ==
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.1 Introduction|103.1 Introduction]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.2 Terms|103.2 Terms]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements|103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.1 Bridge Length|103.3.1 Bridge Length]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges|103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage|103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.2 Sidewalks|103.3.2.2 Sidewalks]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities|103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.4 Superelevation|103.3.2.4 Superelevation]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures|103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection|103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains|103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings|103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.3 Over Railroads|103.3.4.3 Over Railroads]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5 Vertical Clearance|103.3.5 Vertical Clearance]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains|103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings|103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.3 Over Railroads|103.3.5.3 Over Railroads]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.6 Bridge Skew|103.3.6 Bridge Skew]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.7 Approach Slabs|103.3.7 Approach Slabs]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4 Structure Type Selection|103.4 Structure Type Selection]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1 Bridge Types|103.4.1 Bridge Types]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.1 Structural Steel|103.4.1.1 Structural Steel]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges|103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges|103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.4 Culverts|103.4.1.4 Culverts]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type|103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet|103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet|103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet|103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet|103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet|103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5 Construction|103.5 Construction]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations|103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening|103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.3 Hauling Permits|103.5.3 Hauling Permits]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic|103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.5 Inspectability|103.5.5 Inspectability]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6 Substructure Type Selection|103.6 Substructure Type Selection]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.1 General Considerations|103.6.1 General Considerations]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls|103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.3 Piers|103.6.3 Piers]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7 Retaining Walls|103.7 Retaining Walls]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1 Wall Types|103.7.1 Wall Types]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls|103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls|103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls|103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls|103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls|103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines|103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.1 Cost|103.8.1 Cost]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.2 Safety|103.8.2 Safety]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.3 Bridge Type|103.8.3 Bridge Type]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.4 Bridge Standards|103.8.4 Bridge Standards]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.5 Feature Crossed|103.8.5 Feature Crossed]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement|103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction|103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process|103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score|103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool|103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects|103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects|103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects]]
::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques|103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements|103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction|103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems|103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods|103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods]]
:::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting|103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads|103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads]]
:[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.11 References|103.11 References]]


'''[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection|Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection]]'''
==  [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics|Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics]] ==
 
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1 Introduction|104.1 Introduction]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.1 Introduction|103.1 Introduction]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.1 Terms|104.1.1 Terms]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.2 Terms|103.2 Terms]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.2 Coordination|104.1.2 Coordination]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements|103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.3 Design Responsibilities|104.1.3 Design Responsibilities]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.1 Bridge Length|103.3.1 Bridge Length]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.4 Field Data Collection|104.1.4 Field Data Collection]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges|103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study|104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage|103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage]]
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2 Hydrology|104.2 Hydrology]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.2 Sidewalks|103.3.2.2 Sidewalks]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.1 Introduction|104.2.1 Introduction]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities|103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.2 Documentation|104.2.2 Documentation]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.4 Superelevation|103.3.2.4 Superelevation]]
:: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3 Precipitation|104.2.3 Precipitation]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures|103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.1 The Rational Method|104.2.3.1 The Rational Method]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection|103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)|104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains|103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.3 Published Reports|104.2.3.3 Published Reports]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings|103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data|104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.3 Over Railroads|103.3.4.3 Over Railroads]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models|104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5 Vertical Clearance|103.3.5 Vertical Clearance]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance|104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains|103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency|104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings|103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.6 Confidence Intervals|104.2.6 Confidence Intervals]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.3 Over Railroads|103.3.5.3 Over Railroads]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)|104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.6 Bridge Skew|103.3.6 Bridge Skew]]
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3 Hydraulics|104.3 Hydraulics]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.7 Approach Slabs|103.3.7 Approach Slabs]]
:: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1 Culverts|104.3.1 Culverts]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4 Structure Type Selection|103.4 Structure Type Selection]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.1 Sizing|104.3.1.1 Sizing]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1 Bridge Types|103.4.1 Bridge Types]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew|104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.1 Structural Steel|103.4.1.1 Structural Steel]]
::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.3 Shape/Material|104.3.1.3 Shape/Material]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges|103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations|104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges|103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2 Bridges|104.3.2 Bridges]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.4 Culverts|103.4.1.4 Culverts]]
::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2.1 Sizing|104.3.2.1 Sizing]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type|103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew|104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet|103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2.3 Shape/Material|104.3.2.3 Shape/Material]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet|103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects|104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects]]  
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet|103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.1 Sizing|104.3.3.1 Sizing]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet|103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams|104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet|103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.3 Shape/Material|104.3.3.3 Shape/Material]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5 Construction|103.5 Construction]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations|104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations|103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts|104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening|103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.1 General|104.3.4.1 General]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.3 Hauling Permits|103.5.3 Hauling Permits]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers|104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic|103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis|104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.5 Inspectability|103.5.5 Inspectability]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling|104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6 Substructure Type Selection|103.6 Substructure Type Selection]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges|104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.1 General Considerations|103.6.1 General Considerations]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise|104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls|103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References|104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.3 Piers|103.6.3 Piers]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software|104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7 Retaining Walls|103.7 Retaining Walls]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS|104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1 Wall Types|103.7.1 Wall Types]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5.2 HY-8|104.3.5.2 HY-8]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls|103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models|104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls|103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls]]
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection|104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls|103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.1 Scour Investigation|104.4.1 Scour Investigation]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls|103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2 Scour Components|104.4.2 Scour Components]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls|103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls]]
::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour|104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines|103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines]]
::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour|104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.1 Cost|103.8.1 Cost]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2.4 Local Scour|104.4.2.4 Local Scour]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.2 Safety|103.8.2 Safety]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude|104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.3 Bridge Type|103.8.3 Bridge Type]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4 Design Considerations|104.4.4 Design Considerations]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.4 Bridge Standards|103.8.4 Bridge Standards]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement|104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.5 Feature Crossed|103.8.5 Feature Crossed]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.2 Spread Footings|104.4.4.2 Spread Footings]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement|103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater|104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction|103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.4 Streambed Material|104.4.4.4 Streambed Material]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process|103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils|104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score|103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock|104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool|103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures|104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures]]  
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects|103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection|104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects|103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5.2 Guide Banks|104.4.5.2 Guide Banks]]
::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques|103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques]]
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts|104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements|103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation|104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction|103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation|104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems|103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems]]
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5 Streams|104.5 Streams]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods|103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis|104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis]]
:::[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting|103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.2 Bank Protection|104.5.2 Bank Protection]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads|103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.3 Channel Modifications|104.5.3 Channel Modifications]]
:[[103 - Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.11 References|103.11 References]]
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.4 Stream Diversions|104.5.4 Stream Diversions]]
 
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.5 Ice and Debris|104.5.5 Ice and Debris]]
 
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report|104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report]]
'''[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics|Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics]]'''
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions|104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions]]
 
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.7 Plan Presentation|104.7 Plan Presentation]]
:104.1 Introduction
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits|104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits]]
::104.1.1 Terms
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.1 FEMA Compliance|104.8.1 FEMA Compliance]]
::104.1.2 Coordination
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements|104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements]]
::104.1.3 Design Responsibilities
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.3 Tax Ditches|104.8.3 Tax Ditches]]
::104.1.4 Field Data Collection
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis|104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis]]
::104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.5 Aids to Navigation|104.8.5 Aids to Navigation]]
:104.2 Hydrology
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual|104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual]]
::104.2.1 Introduction
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.9 References|104.9 References]]
::104.2.2 Documentation
:[[Appendix 104-1: Hydraulic Field Assessment Checklist]]
::104.2.3 Precipitation
:[[Appendix 104-2: Hydraulic Survey Form]]
:::104.2.3.1 The Rational Method
:[[Appendix 104-3: H&H Report Hydraulic Data Summary Sheet]]
:::104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)
:[[Appendix 104-4: H&H Report Sample Format]]
:::104.2.3.3 Published Reports
:::104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data
:::104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models
::104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance
::104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency
::104.2.6 Confidence Intervals
::104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)
:104.3 Hydraulics
::104.3.1 Culverts
:::104.3.1.1 Sizing
:::104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew
:::104.3.1.3 Shape/Material
:::104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations
::104.3.2 Bridges
:::104.3.2.1 Sizing
:::104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew
:::104.3.2.3 Shape/Material
::104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects
:::104.3.3.1 Sizing
:::104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams
:::104.3.3.3 Shape/Material
:::104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations
::104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts
:::104.3.4.1 General
:::104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers
:::104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis
:::104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling
:::104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges
:::104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise
:::104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References
::104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software
:::104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS
:::104.3.5.2 HY-8
:::104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models
:104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection
::104.4.1 Scour Investigation
::104.4.2 Scour Components
:::104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour
:::104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour
:::104.4.2.4 Local Scour
::104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude
::104.4.4 Design Considerations
:::104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement
:::104.4.4.2 Spread Footings
:::104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater
:::104.4.4.4 Streambed Material
:::104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils
:::104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock
::104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures
:::104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection
:::104.4.5.2 Guide Banks
:::104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts
::104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation
::104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation
:104.5 Streams
::104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis
::104.5.2 Bank Protection
::104.5.3 Channel Modifications
::104.5.4 Stream Diversions
::104.5.5 Ice and Debris
:104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
::104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions
:104.7 Plan Presentation
:104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits
::104.8.1 FEMA Compliance
::104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements
::104.8.3 Tax Ditches
::104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis
::104.8.5 Aids to Navigation
::104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual
:104.9 References
 
 
'''[[Appendix 104-1: Hydraulic Field Assessment Checklist]]'''
 
'''[[Appendix 104-2: Hydraulic Survey Form]]'''
 
'''[[Appendix 104-3: H&H Report Hydraulic Data Summary Sheet]]'''
 
'''[[Appendix 104-4: H&H Report Sample Format]]'''
 
 
'''[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations|Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations]]'''
 
:105.1 Introduction
:105.2 Terms
:105.3 Subsurface Investigations
::105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties
::105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation
::105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity
::105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement
::105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials
::105.3.6 Global Stability
::105.3.7 Corrosive Environment
::105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze
:105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request
::105.4.1 Request for Test Borings
:::105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings
:::105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings
::105.4.2 Boring Logs
::105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing
:::105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests
:::105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests
:105.5 Geotechnical Report
:105.6 Foundation Report
::105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report
::105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals
::105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
::105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References
:105.7 References
 
 
'''[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure|Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure]]'''
 
:106.1 Introduction
:106.2 Terms
:106.3 Design Loads
::106.3.1 Dead Loads
:::106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch
:::106.3.1.2 Distribution of Dead Loads
::106.3.2 Live Loads
:106.4 Bridge Decks
::106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations
::106.4.2 Concrete Decks
:::106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations
:::106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness
:::106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel
:::106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch
:::106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover
:::106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence
:::106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs
:::106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing
:::106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays
:::106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints
:::106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield
::106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations
:106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings
::106.5.1 DelDOT Standard Bridge Barrier and Railing Applications
::106.5.2 Bridge Barrier Design Considerations
::106.5.3 Protective Screening, Shielding, and Fencing
::106.5.4 Bridge Lighting
:106.6 Deck Joints
::106.6.1 Jointless Bridges
::106.6.2 Strip Seal Joints
::106.6.3 Steel Finger Joints
::106.6.4 Longitudinal Joints
:106.7 Approach Slab Design
::106.7.1 Approach Slab Geometry and Design Requirements
:106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations
::106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements
:::106.8.1.1 Grade 50 Steel
:::106.8.1.2 Weathering Steel
:::106.8.1.3 High-Performance Steels
::106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations
:::106.8.2.1 Redundancy Requirements
:::106.8.2.2 Welding and Weld Procedures
::106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders
:::106.8.3.1 Minimum Plate Thicknesses
:::106.8.3.2 Plate Girder Geometric Proportionality – General Practice
::106.8.4 Shear Connectors
::106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing
::106.8.6 Bolted Connections
::106.8.7 Protective Coatings
:::106.8.7.1 Paint Systems
:::106.8.7.2 Galvanization
::106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges
:::106.8.8.1 Method of Analysis
:::106.8.8.2 Diaphragms/Cross-Bracing
:::106.8.8.3 Bearings for Horizontally Curved and/or Skewed Steel Superstructures
::106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans
:::106.8.9.1 Requirements for Designer
:::106.8.9.2 Erection Submittal Requirements for Contractor’s Engineer
::106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design
:106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures
::106.9.1 Materials
::106.9.2 Design Methodology
:::106.9.2.1 Design Methodology
::106.9.3 Diaphragm Requirements
::106.9.4 Minimum Spacing of Prestressing Tendons
::106.9.5 Tensile Stresses Due to Prestressing
::106.9.6 De-bonding Versus Draping
::106.9.7 Reinforcement
:::106.9.7.1 Composite Shear Reinforcement
:::106.9.7.2 Anchorage Zone Reinforcement
::106.9.8 Skew Effects
:::106.9.8.1 Grade and Cross-Slope Effects
:::106.9.8.2 Horizontal Curve and Flare Effect
::106.9.9 Camber
:::106.9.9.1 Consideration for Staged Construction Camber
:::106.9.9.2 Simple Spans Made Continuous
:106.10 Bearings
::106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings
:::106.10.1.1 Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings
::106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings
:::106.10.2.1 Pot Bearings
:::106.10.2.2 Disc Bearings
:::106.10.2.3 Spherical Bearings
:::106.10.2.4 Mechanical Bearings
::106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection
:::106.10.3.1 Bearing Type Preferences
:::106.10.3.2 Feasibility due to Fabrication, Installation and Testing Limitations
::106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation
::106.10.5 Design Requirements
:::106.10.5.1 Elastomeric Bearings
:::106.10.5.2 High-load Multi-Rotational Bearings
:::106.10.5.3 Design Limitations
::106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers
::106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement
::106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges
::106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure
:::106.10.9.1 Sole Plates
:::106.10.9.2 Masonry Plates and Anchor Rods
::106.10.10 Lateral Restraint
::106.10.11 Uplift Restraint
::106.10.12 Bearing Schedule
:106.11 References
 
 
'''[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure|Section 107 Final Design Considerations – Substructure]]'''
 
:107.1 Introduction
:107.2 Terms
:107.3 Foundation Design
::107.3.1 Settlement Considerations
::107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations
::107.3.3 Deep Foundations
::107.3.4 Pile Foundations
:::107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles
:::107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles
:::107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles
:::107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles
:::107.3.4.5 Timber Piles
:::107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations
:::107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies
:::107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type
:::107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity
::107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details
:::107.3.5.1 Design Footing and Pile Resistance
:::107.3.5.2 Scour
:::107.3.5.3 Stepped Footings
:::107.3.5.4 Corrosion and Deterioration
:107.4 Substructure Design
::107.4.1 Abutment Design
:::107.4.1.1 Semi-Integral Abutments
:::107.4.1.2 Integral Abutments
:::107.4.1.3 Reinforced-Concrete Stub Abutments
:::107.4.1.4 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilever Abutments
:::107.4.1.5 Abutment, Backwall, and Wingwall Details
:107.5 Pier Design
::107.5.1 Pier Analysis and Design
::107.5.2 Fixity Considerations
::107.5.3 Pier Detailing
::107.5.4 Pile Bents
::107.5.5 Protective Sealing of Surfaces
:107.6 Retaining Wall Design
::107.6.1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
:::107.6.1.1 Select Granular Backfill
:::107.6.1.2 Designer Responsibility
:::107.6.1.3 MSE Wall Manufacturer Responsibility
::107.6.2 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilevered Walls
::107.6.3 Post and Plank Walls
::107.6.4 Sheet-Pile Walls
:::107.6.4.1 Steel Sheet Piles
:::107.6.4.2 Concrete Sheet Piles
:107.7 Culvert Design
::107.7.1 Culvert Hydraulics
::107.7.2 Culvert Foundation Design
::107.7.3 Concrete Culverts
:::107.7.3.1 Precast Concrete Box Culverts
:::107.7.3.2 Cast-In-Place Concrete Box Culverts
:::107.7.3.3 Reinforced Concrete Rigid Frames
:::107.7.3.4 Concrete Arches
:::107.7.3.5 Precast Proprietary Structures
::107.7.4 Pipe Culverts
::107.7.5 Culvert Details
:::107.7.5.1 Headwalls
:::107.7.5.2 Wingwalls
:::107.7.5.3 Cutoff Walls
:::107.7.5.4 Scour Aprons
:::107.7.5.5 Guardrail Attachments
:::107.7.5.6 Protective Sealing of Surfaces
:107.8 Architectural Treatments
:107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems
:107.10 References
 
 
'''[[108 - Bridge Load Rating|Section 108 Bridge Load Rating]]'''
 
:108.1 Introduction
:108.2 Application
:108.3 Terms
:108.4 Load Rating Specifications
:108.5 Load Rating Process
:108.6 Responsibility
:108.7 Quality Control Procedures
::108.7.1 Quality Control Roles and Responsibilities
::108.7.2 Load Rating Engineer Qualifications
::108.7.3 Load Rater Qualifications
::108.7.4 Load Rating Reviewer Qualifications
::108.7.5 Review and Validation of Load Rating Reports
::108.7.6 Resolution of Data, Errors and Changes
:108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures
::108.8.1 Quality Assurance Roles and Responsibilities
::108.8.2 Load Rating Quality Assurance Review Procedures
:::108.8.2.1 Sampling Parameters
:::108.8.2.2 Acceptance Criteria
:::108.8.2.3 Annual Report
:108.9 Load Rating Requirements
::108.9.1 New Bridges
::108.9.2 Rehabilitated Bridges
::108.9.3 During Construction
::108.9.4 Bridge Inspections
::108.9.5 Load Rating Timeline
:::108.9.5.1 New Bridge and Rehabilitated Bridges
:::108.9.5.2 Load Ratings Based on Bridge Inspections
:::108.9.5.3 Periodic Load Rating Review
::108.9.6 Rated Members
:108.10 Load Rating Procedures
::108.10.1 Analytical Steps in Load Rating
::108.10.2 Information Gathering
:::108.10.2.1 Material Properties
::108.10.3 Load Rating Methods
:::108.10.3.1 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method
:::108.10.3.2 Diagnostic Load Testing
:::108.10.3.3 Pipe Culverts
:::108.10.3.4 Other Methods
::108.10.4 Structural Analysis and Tools
:::108.10.4.1 Structural Analysis Requirements
:::108.10.4.2 BRASS Data Set Standards
::108.10.5 General Load Rating Equation
:::108.10.5.1 Limit States, Load Effects, and Load Factors
:::108.10.5.2 Condition Factor
:::108.10.5.3 System Factor
:::108.10.5.4 Resistance Factors
:::108.10.5.5 Loads
::108.10.6 Load Rating Report
::108.10.7 Load Rating Examples
::108.10.8 Load Restriction Posting
:108.11 References
 
 
[[Appendix 108-1 - Sample Brass-LRFD Data File|'''Appendix 108-1 – Sample Brass-LRFD Data File''']]
 
[[Appendix 108-2 - Load Restriction Resolution|'''Appendix 108-2 – Load Restriction Resolution''']]
 
 
'''[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies|Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies]]'''
 
:109.1 Introduction
::109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings
::109.1.2 Environmental Considerations
::109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria
:109.2 Material Testing
:: 109.2.1 Concrete
:::109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength
:::109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation
:::109.2.1.3 Chloride Content
:::109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw
::: 109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential
:::109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis
::109.2.2 Steel
:::109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis
:::109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties
:109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks
::109.3.1 Condition Survey
:::109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection
:::109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey
:::109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey
:::109.3.1.4 Deck Coring
::109.3.2 Deck Evaluation
::109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods
::109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation
:::109.3.4.1 General
:::109.3.4.2 Patching
:::109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays
:::109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking
:::109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction
::109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement
:::109.3.5.1 General
::: 109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete
:::109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete
:109.4 Steel Grid Decks
::109.4.1 General
::109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation
:::109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue
:::109.4.2.2 Corrosion
:::109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing
:::109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance
::109.4.3 Design Considerations
: 109.5 Timber Decks
::109.5.1 General
::109.5.2 Design Considerations
:109.6 Safety Considerations
: 109.7 Deck Joints
:109.8 Approach Slabs
:109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders
:: 109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs
:::109.9.1.1 General
:::109.9.1.2 Design Considerations
:::109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening
::109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams
:::109.9.2.1 General
:::109.9.2.2 Design Considerations
:::109.9.2.3 Repair Methods
::109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders
:::109.9.3.1 General
:::109.9.3.2 Design Considerations
:::109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening
:::109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair
:::109.9.3.5 Fire Damage
:::109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting
:::109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection
:::109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening
:109.10 Bearings
:109.11 Foundation and Substructure
::109.11.1 General
::109.11.2 Design Considerations
::109.11.3 Repair Methods
:::109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs
:::109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs
:::109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs
:::109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs
:::109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs
::109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning
:109.12 Retaining Walls
::109.12.1 General
::109.12.2 Design Considerations
::109.12.3 Repair Methods
:109.13 Culverts
::109.13.1 General
::109.13.2 Design Considerations
::109.13.3 Repair Methods
:109.14 Utilities
:109.15 Moveable Bridges
:109.16 References


==  [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations|Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations]] ==
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.1 Introduction|105.1 Introduction]]
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.2 Terms|105.2 Terms]]
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3 Subsurface Investigations|105.3 Subsurface Investigations]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties|105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation|105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation]]
:: [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity|105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement|105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials|105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.6 Global Stability|105.3.6 Global Stability]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.7 Corrosive Environment|105.3.7 Corrosive Environment]]
:: [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze|105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze]]
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request|105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.1 Request for Test Borings|105.4.1 Request for Test Borings]]
:::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings|105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings]]
:::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings|105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.2 Boring Logs|105.4.2 Boring Logs]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing|105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing]]
::: [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests|105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests]]
:::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests|105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests]]
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.5 Geotechnical Report|105.5 Geotechnical Report]]
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6 Foundation Report|105.6 Foundation Report]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report|105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals|105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control|105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control]]
::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References|105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References]]
:[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.7 References|105.7 References]]


'''[[110 - Ancillary Structures|Section 110 Ancillary Structures]]'''
== [[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure|Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure]] ==
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.1 Introduction|106.1 Introduction]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.2 Terms|106.2 Terms]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3 Design Loads|106.3 Design Loads]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.1 Dead Loads|106.3.1 Dead Loads]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch|106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.1.2 Distribution of Dead Loads|106.3.1.2 Distribution of Dead Loads]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.2 Live Loads|106.3.2 Live Loads]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4 Bridge Decks|106.4 Bridge Decks]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations|106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2 Concrete Decks|106.4.2 Concrete Decks]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations|106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness|106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel|106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch|106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover|106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence|106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs|106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing|106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays|106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints|106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield|106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations|106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings|106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.1 DelDOT Standard Bridge Barrier and Railing Applications|106.5.1 DelDOT Standard Bridge Barrier and Railing Applications]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.2 Bridge Barrier Design Considerations|106.5.2 Bridge Barrier Design Considerations]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.3 Protective Screening, Shielding, and Fencing|106.5.3 Protective Screening, Shielding, and Fencing]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.4 Bridge Lighting|106.5.4 Bridge Lighting]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6 Deck Joints|106.6 Deck Joints]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.1 Jointless Bridges|106.6.1 Jointless Bridges]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.2 Strip Seal Joints|106.6.2 Strip Seal Joints]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.3 Steel Finger Joints|106.6.3 Steel Finger Joints]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.4 Longitudinal Joints|106.6.4 Longitudinal Joints]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.7 Approach Slab Design|106.7 Approach Slab Design]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.7.1 Approach Slab Geometry and Design Requirements|106.7.1 Approach Slab Geometry and Design Requirements]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations|106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements|106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1.1 Grade 50 Steel|106.8.1.1 Grade 50 Steel]]
::: [[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1.2 Weathering Steel|106.8.1.2 Weathering Steel]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1.3 High-Performance Steels|106.8.1.3 High-Performance Steels]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations|106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.2.1 Redundancy Requirements|106.8.2.1 Redundancy Requirements]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.2.2 Welding and Weld Procedures|106.8.2.2 Welding and Weld Procedures]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders|106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.3.1 Minimum Plate Thicknesses|106.8.3.1 Minimum Plate Thicknesses]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.3.2 Plate Girder Geometric Proportionality – General Practice|106.8.3.2 Plate Girder Geometric Proportionality – General Practice]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.4 Shear Connectors|106.8.4 Shear Connectors]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing|106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.6 Bolted Connections|106.8.6 Bolted Connections]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.7 Protective Coatings|106.8.7 Protective Coatings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.7.1 Paint Systems|106.8.7.1 Paint Systems]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.7.2 Galvanization|106.8.7.2 Galvanization]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges|106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8.1 Method of Analysis|106.8.8.1 Method of Analysis]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8.2 Diaphragms/Cross-Bracing|106.8.8.2 Diaphragms/Cross-Bracing]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8.3 Bearings for Horizontally Curved and/or Skewed Steel Superstructures|106.8.8.3 Bearings for Horizontally Curved and/or Skewed Steel Superstructures]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans|106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.9.1 Requirements for Designer|106.8.9.1 Requirements for Designer]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.9.2 Erection Submittal Requirements for Contractor’s Engineer|106.8.9.2 Erection Submittal Requirements for Contractor’s Engineer]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design|106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures|106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.1 Materials|106.9.1 Materials]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.2 Design Methodology|106.9.2 Design Methodology]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.2.1 Design Methodology|106.9.2.1 Design Methodology]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.3 Diaphragm Requirements|106.9.3 Diaphragm Requirements]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.4 Minimum Spacing of Prestressing Tendons|106.9.4 Minimum Spacing of Prestressing Tendons]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.5 Tensile Stresses Due to Prestressing|106.9.5 Tensile Stresses Due to Prestressing]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.6 De-bonding Versus Draping|106.9.6 De-bonding Versus Draping]]
::[[106 - Final_Design_Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.7 Tensile Stresses at Service Limit State After Losses|106.9.7 Tensile Stresses at Service Limit State After Losses]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.8 Reinforcement|106.9.8 Reinforcement]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.8.1 Composite Shear Reinforcement|106.9.8.1 Composite Shear Reinforcement]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.8.2 Anchorage Zone Reinforcement|106.9.8.2 Anchorage Zone Reinforcement]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.9 Skew Effects|106.9.9 Skew Effects]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.9.1 Grade and Cross-Slope Effects|106.9.9.1 Grade and Cross-Slope Effects]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.9.2 Horizontal Curve and Flare Effect|106.9.9.2 Horizontal Curve and Flare Effect]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.10 Camber|106.9.10 Camber]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.10.1 Consideration for Staged Construction Camber|106.9.10.1 Consideration for Staged Construction Camber]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.10.2 Simple Spans Made Continuous|106.9.10.2 Simple Spans Made Continuous]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10 Bearings|106.10 Bearings]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings|106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.1.1 Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings|106.10.1.1 Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings|106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.1 Pot Bearings|106.10.2.1 Pot Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.2 Disc Bearings|106.10.2.2 Disc Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.3 Spherical Bearings|106.10.2.3 Spherical Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.4 Mechanical Bearings|106.10.2.4 Mechanical Bearings]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection|106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.3.1 Bearing Type Preferences|106.10.3.1 Bearing Type Preferences]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.3.2 Feasibility due to Fabrication, Installation and Testing Limitations|106.10.3.2 Feasibility due to Fabrication, Installation and Testing Limitations]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation|106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5 Design Requirements|106.10.5 Design Requirements]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5.1 Elastomeric Bearings|106.10.5.1 Elastomeric Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5.2 High-load Multi-Rotational Bearings|106.10.5.2 High-load Multi-Rotational Bearings]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5.3 Design Limitations|106.10.5.3 Design Limitations]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers|106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement|106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges|106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure|106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.9.1 Sole Plates|106.10.9.1 Sole Plates]]
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.9.2 Masonry Plates and Anchor Rods|106.10.9.2 Masonry Plates and Anchor Rods]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.10 Lateral Restraint|106.10.10 Lateral Restraint]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.11 Uplift Restraint|106.10.11 Uplift Restraint]]
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.12 Bearing Schedule|106.10.12 Bearing Schedule]]
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.11 References|106.11 References]]


:110.1 Introduction
== [[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure|Section 107 Final Design Considerations – Substructure]] ==
:110.2 Terms
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.1 Introduction|107.1 Introduction]]
:110.3 Overhead Sign Structures
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.2 Terms|107.2 Terms]]
::110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3 Foundation Design|107.3 Foundation Design]]
:::110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.1 Settlement Considerations|107.3.1 Settlement Considerations]]
:::110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations|107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations]]
:::110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.3 Deep Foundations|107.3.3 Deep Foundations]]
::110.3.2 General Design Considerations
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4 Pile Foundations|107.3.4 Pile Foundations]]
:::110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles|107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles]]
:::110.3.2.2 Materials
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles|107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles]]
:::110.3.2.3 Design Criteria
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles|107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles]]
:::110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles|107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles]]
::110.3.3 Design Process
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.5 Timber Piles|107.3.4.5 Timber Piles]]
::110.3.4 Foundations
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations|107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations]]
:110.4 Sound Barrier Walls
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies|107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies]]
::110.4.1 Design Criteria
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type|107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type]]
:::110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity|107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity]]
:::110.4.1.2 General Criteria
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details|107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details]]
:::110.4.1.3 Materials
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.5.1 Design Footing and Pile Resistance|107.3.5.1 Design Footing and Pile Resistance]]
:::110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.5.2 Scour|107.3.5.2 Scour]]
:::110.4.1.5 Loads
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.5.3 Stepped Footings|107.3.5.3 Stepped Footings]]
:::110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.3.5.4 Corrosion and Deterioration|107.3.5.4 Corrosion and Deterioration]]
::110.4.2 Foundations
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4 Substructure Design|107.4 Substructure Design]]
:110.5 References
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4.1 Abutment Design|107.4.1 Abutment Design]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4.1.1 Semi-Integral Abutments|107.4.1.1 Semi-Integral Abutments]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4.1.2 Integral Abutments|107.4.1.2 Integral Abutments]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4.1.3 Reinforced-Concrete Stub Abutments|107.4.1.3 Reinforced-Concrete Stub Abutments]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4.1.4 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilever Abutments|107.4.1.4 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilever Abutments]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.4.1.5 Abutment, Backwall, and Wingwall Details|107.4.1.5 Abutment, Backwall, and Wingwall Details]]
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.5 Pier Design|107.5 Pier Design]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.5.1 Pier Analysis and Design|107.5.1 Pier Analysis and Design]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.5.2 Fixity Considerations|107.5.2 Fixity Considerations]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.5.3 Pier Detailing|107.5.3 Pier Detailing]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.5.4 Pile Bents|107.5.4 Pile Bents]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.5.5 Protective Sealing of Surfaces|107.5.5 Protective Sealing of Surfaces]]
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6 Retaining Wall Design|107.6 Retaining Wall Design]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls|107.6.1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.1.1 Select Granular Backfill|107.6.1.1 Select Granular Backfill]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.1.2 Designer Responsibility|107.6.1.2 Designer Responsibility]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.1.3 MSE Wall Manufacturer Responsibility|107.6.1.3 MSE Wall Manufacturer Responsibility]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.2 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilevered Walls|107.6.2 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilevered Walls]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.3 Post and Plank Walls|107.6.3 Post and Plank Walls]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.4 Sheet-Pile Walls|107.6.4 Sheet-Pile Walls]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.4.1 Steel Sheet Piles|107.6.4.1 Steel Sheet Piles]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.6.4.2 Concrete Sheet Piles|107.6.4.2 Concrete Sheet Piles]]
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7 Culvert Design|107.7 Culvert Design]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.1 Culvert Hydraulics|107.7.1 Culvert Hydraulics]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.2 Culvert Foundation Design|107.7.2 Culvert Foundation Design]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.3 Concrete Culverts|107.7.3 Concrete Culverts]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.3.1 Precast Concrete Box Culverts|107.7.3.1 Precast Concrete Box Culverts]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.3.2 Cast-In-Place Concrete Box Culverts|107.7.3.2 Cast-In-Place Concrete Box Culverts]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.3.3 Reinforced Concrete Rigid Frames|107.7.3.3 Reinforced Concrete Rigid Frames]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.3.4 Concrete Arches|107.7.3.4 Concrete Arches]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.3.5 Precast Proprietary Structures|107.7.3.5 Precast Proprietary Structures]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.4 Pipe Culverts|107.7.4 Pipe Culverts]]
::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5 Culvert Details|107.7.5 Culvert Details]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5.1 Headwalls|107.7.5.1 Headwalls]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5.2 Wingwalls|107.7.5.2 Wingwalls]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5.3 Cutoff Walls|107.7.5.3 Cutoff Walls]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5.4 Scour Aprons|107.7.5.4 Scour Aprons]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5.5 Guardrail Attachments|107.7.5.5 Guardrail Attachments]]
:::[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.7.5.6 Protective Sealing of Surfaces|107.7.5.6 Protective Sealing of Surfaces]]
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.8 Architectural Treatments|107.8 Architectural Treatments]]
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems|107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems]]
:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.10 References|107.10 References]]


==  [[108 - Bridge Load Rating#|Section 108 Bridge Load Rating]] ==


'''[[111 - Construction Coordination|Section 111 Construction Coordination]]'''
== [[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies|Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies]] ==
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1 Introduction|109.1 Introduction]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings|109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1.2 Environmental Considerations|109.1.2 Environmental Considerations]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria|109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2 Material Testing|109.2 Material Testing]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1 Concrete|109.2.1 Concrete]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength|109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation|109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.3 Chloride Content|109.2.1.3 Chloride Content]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw|109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential|109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis|109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.2 Steel|109.2.2 Steel]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis|109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties|109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks|109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1 Condition Survey|109.3.1 Condition Survey]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection|109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey|109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey|109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.4 Deck Coring|109.3.1.4 Deck Coring]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.2 Deck Evaluation|109.3.2 Deck Evaluation]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods|109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation|109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.1 General|109.3.4.1 General]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.2 Patching|109.3.4.2 Patching]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays|109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking|109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction|109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement|109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5.1 General|109.3.5.1 General]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete|109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete|109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4 Steel Grid Decks|109.4 Steel Grid Decks]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.1 General|109.4.1 General]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation|109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue|109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.2 Corrosion|109.4.2.2 Corrosion]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing|109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance|109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.3 Design Considerations|109.4.3 Design Considerations]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.5 Timber Decks|109.5 Timber Decks]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.5.1 General|109.5.1 General]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.5.2 Design Considerations|109.5.2 Design Considerations]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.6 Safety Considerations|109.6 Safety Considerations]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.7 Deck Joints|109.7 Deck Joints]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.8 Approach Slabs|109.8 Approach Slabs]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders|109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs|109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1.1 General|109.9.1.1 General]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1.2 Design Considerations|109.9.1.2 Design Considerations]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening|109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams|109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2.1 General|109.9.2.1 General]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2.2 Design Considerations|109.9.2.2 Design Considerations]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2.3 Repair Methods|109.9.2.3 Repair Methods]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders|109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.1 General|109.9.3.1 General]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.2 Design Considerations|109.9.3.2 Design Considerations]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening|109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair|109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.5 Fire Damage|109.9.3.5 Fire Damage]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting|109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection|109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening|109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.10 Bearings|109.10 Bearings]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11 Foundation and Substructure|109.11 Foundation and Substructure]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.1 General|109.11.1 General]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.2 Design Considerations|109.11.2 Design Considerations]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3 Repair Methods|109.11.3 Repair Methods]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs|109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs|109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs|109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs|109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs]]
:::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs|109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning|109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12 Retaining Walls|109.12 Retaining Walls]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12.1 General|109.12.1 General]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12.2 Design Considerations|109.12.2 Design Considerations]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12.3 Repair Methods|109.12.3 Repair Methods]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13 Culverts|109.13 Culverts]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13.1 General|109.13.1 General]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13.2 Design Considerations|109.13.2 Design Considerations]]
::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13.3 Repair Methods|109.13.3 Repair Methods]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.14 Utilities|109.14 Utilities]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.15 Moveable Bridges|109.15 Moveable Bridges]]
:[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.16 References|109.16 References]]


:111.1 Working Drawings
== [[110 - Ancillary Structures|Section 110 Ancillary Structures]] ==
::111.1.1 Required Working Drawings
:[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.1 Introduction|110.1 Introduction]]
::111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure
:[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.2 Terms|110.2 Terms]]
:::111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings
:[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3 Overhead Sign Structures|110.3 Overhead Sign Structures]]
::111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings
::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics|110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics]]
:111.2 Contractor Requests for Information
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures|110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures]]
:111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures|110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures]]
:111.4 Plan Revisions
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs|110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs]]
:111.5 As-Built Drawings
::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.2 General Design Considerations|110.3.2 General Design Considerations]]
:111.6 References
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility|110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.2.2 Materials|110.3.2.2 Materials]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.2.3 Design Criteria|110.3.2.3 Design Criteria]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions|110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions]]
::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.3 Design Process|110.3.3 Design Process]]
::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.3.4 Foundations|110.3.4 Foundations]]
:[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4 Sound Barrier Walls|110.4 Sound Barrier Walls]]
::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1 Design Criteria|110.4.1 Design Criteria]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility|110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1.2 General Criteria|110.4.1.2 General Criteria]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1.3 Materials|110.4.1.3 Materials]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections|110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1.5 Loads|110.4.1.5 Loads]]
:::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous|110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous]]
::[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.4.2 Foundations|110.4.2 Foundations]]
:[[110 - Ancillary Structures#110.5 References|110.5 References]]


==  [[111 - Construction Coordination|Section 111 Construction Coordination]] ==
:[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.1 Working Drawings|111.1 Working Drawings]]
::[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.1.1 Required Working Drawings|111.1.1 Required Working Drawings]]
::[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure|111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure]]
:::[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings|111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings]]
::[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings|111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings]]
:[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.2 Contractor Requests for Information|111.2 Contractor Requests for Information]]
:[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)|111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)]]
:[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.4 Plan Revisions|111.4 Plan Revisions]]
:[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.5 As-Built Drawings|111.5 As-Built Drawings]]
:[[111 - Construction Coordination#111.6 References|111.6 References]]


'''[[200 - DelDOT References to AASHTO Manual|Section 200 DelDOT References to AASHTO Manual]]'''
==  [[200 - DelDOT References to AASHTO Manual|Section 200 DelDOT References to AASHTO Manual]] ==


'''[[300 - Typical Bridge Design Detail|Section 300 Typical Bridge Design Detail]]'''
== [[300 - Typical Bridge Design Detail|Section 300 Typical Bridge Design Detail]] ==

Latest revision as of 16:37, 26 October 2022

Section 101 Introduction

101.1 Purpose
101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual
101.3 Modifications to the Design Manual
101.4 Policy
101.5 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards
101.5.1 Design Specification Reference Nomenclature
101.5.2 Design Specifications
101.5.3 AASHTO Interim Specifications and New Editions
101.5.4 Deviations from Specifications
101.5.5 Order of Precedence
101.5.6 Additional Reference Manuals and Documents
101.6 Terms
101.6.1 Bridge Types
101.6.2 Roadway Types
101.6.2.1 Functional Classification
101.6.2.2 National Highway System
101.6.3 Project Types
101.7 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement
101.8 Computer Software
101.9 Feedback
101.10 References

Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements

102.1 Plan Presentation
102.1.1 Drafting Standards
102.1.2 Plan Sheet Sequence
102.1.3 Bridge Sheet Preparation
102.1.3.1 General and Project Notes
102.1.3.2 Bridge Plan and Elevation
102.1.3.3 Lay-Out Plan
102.1.3.4 Other Plans
102.1.4 Bridge Number
102.2 Special Provisions Development
102.3 Quantities and Cost Estimates
102.4 Construction Schedule
102.5 Bridge Design Procedures
102.5.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
102.5.2 Designed-In Value
102.5.2.1 Alternatives Analysis
102.5.2.2 Life-Cycle Cost Analyses
102.5.3 Documentation of Design
102.5.4 Design Exceptions and Design Variances
102.5.5 Chronology of Submissions
102.6 Preliminary Design
102.6.1 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
102.6.2 Scour Evaluation Report
102.6.3 Foundation Reports
102.6.4 Conceptual Type, Size, and Location Plans
102.6.5 Type, Size, and Location Submission
102.6.5.1 Type, Size, and Location Submission Requirements
102.7 Preliminary Construction Plans
102.8 Semi-Final Construction Plans
102.9 Final Construction Plans
102.10 Plans, Specifications, and Estimate
102.11 Bid-Cycle Requirements
102.11.1 Addenda
102.11.2 Bid Opening and Bid Review
102.12 References

Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection

103.1 Introduction
103.2 Terms
103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements
103.3.1 Bridge Length
103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges
103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage
103.3.2.2 Sidewalks
103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities
103.3.2.4 Superelevation
103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures
103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection
103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains
103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings
103.3.4.3 Over Railroads
103.3.5 Vertical Clearance
103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains
103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings
103.3.5.3 Over Railroads
103.3.6 Bridge Skew
103.3.7 Approach Slabs
103.4 Structure Type Selection
103.4.1 Bridge Types
103.4.1.1 Structural Steel
103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges
103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges
103.4.1.4 Culverts
103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type
103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet
103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet
103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet
103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet
103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet
103.5 Construction
103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations
103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening
103.5.3 Hauling Permits
103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic
103.5.5 Inspectability
103.6 Substructure Type Selection
103.6.1 General Considerations
103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls
103.6.3 Piers
103.7 Retaining Walls
103.7.1 Wall Types
103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls
103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls
103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls
103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls
103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls
103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines
103.8.1 Cost
103.8.2 Safety
103.8.3 Bridge Type
103.8.4 Bridge Standards
103.8.5 Feature Crossed
103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement
103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction
103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process
103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score
103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool
103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects
103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects
103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques
103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements
103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction
103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems
103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods
103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting
103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads
103.11 References

Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics

104.1 Introduction
104.1.1 Terms
104.1.2 Coordination
104.1.3 Design Responsibilities
104.1.4 Field Data Collection
104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study
104.2 Hydrology
104.2.1 Introduction
104.2.2 Documentation
104.2.3 Precipitation
104.2.3.1 The Rational Method
104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)
104.2.3.3 Published Reports
104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data
104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models
104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance
104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency
104.2.6 Confidence Intervals
104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)
104.3 Hydraulics
104.3.1 Culverts
104.3.1.1 Sizing
104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew
104.3.1.3 Shape/Material
104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations
104.3.2 Bridges
104.3.2.1 Sizing
104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew
104.3.2.3 Shape/Material
104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects
104.3.3.1 Sizing
104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams
104.3.3.3 Shape/Material
104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations
104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts
104.3.4.1 General
104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers
104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis
104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling
104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges
104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise
104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References
104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software
104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS
104.3.5.2 HY-8
104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models
104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection
104.4.1 Scour Investigation
104.4.2 Scour Components
104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour
104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour
104.4.2.4 Local Scour
104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude
104.4.4 Design Considerations
104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement
104.4.4.2 Spread Footings
104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater
104.4.4.4 Streambed Material
104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils
104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock
104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures
104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection
104.4.5.2 Guide Banks
104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts
104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation
104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation
104.5 Streams
104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis
104.5.2 Bank Protection
104.5.3 Channel Modifications
104.5.4 Stream Diversions
104.5.5 Ice and Debris
104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions
104.7 Plan Presentation
104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits
104.8.1 FEMA Compliance
104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements
104.8.3 Tax Ditches
104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis
104.8.5 Aids to Navigation
104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual
104.9 References
Appendix 104-1: Hydraulic Field Assessment Checklist
Appendix 104-2: Hydraulic Survey Form
Appendix 104-3: H&H Report Hydraulic Data Summary Sheet
Appendix 104-4: H&H Report Sample Format

Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations

105.1 Introduction
105.2 Terms
105.3 Subsurface Investigations
105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties
105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation
105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity
105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement
105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials
105.3.6 Global Stability
105.3.7 Corrosive Environment
105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze
105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request
105.4.1 Request for Test Borings
105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings
105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings
105.4.2 Boring Logs
105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing
105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests
105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests
105.5 Geotechnical Report
105.6 Foundation Report
105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report
105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals
105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References
105.7 References

Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure

106.1 Introduction
106.2 Terms
106.3 Design Loads
106.3.1 Dead Loads
106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch
106.3.1.2 Distribution of Dead Loads
106.3.2 Live Loads
106.4 Bridge Decks
106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations
106.4.2 Concrete Decks
106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations
106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness
106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel
106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch
106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover
106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence
106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs
106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing
106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays
106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints
106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield
106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations
106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings
106.5.1 DelDOT Standard Bridge Barrier and Railing Applications
106.5.2 Bridge Barrier Design Considerations
106.5.3 Protective Screening, Shielding, and Fencing
106.5.4 Bridge Lighting
106.6 Deck Joints
106.6.1 Jointless Bridges
106.6.2 Strip Seal Joints
106.6.3 Steel Finger Joints
106.6.4 Longitudinal Joints
106.7 Approach Slab Design
106.7.1 Approach Slab Geometry and Design Requirements
106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations
106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements
106.8.1.1 Grade 50 Steel
106.8.1.2 Weathering Steel
106.8.1.3 High-Performance Steels
106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations
106.8.2.1 Redundancy Requirements
106.8.2.2 Welding and Weld Procedures
106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders
106.8.3.1 Minimum Plate Thicknesses
106.8.3.2 Plate Girder Geometric Proportionality – General Practice
106.8.4 Shear Connectors
106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing
106.8.6 Bolted Connections
106.8.7 Protective Coatings
106.8.7.1 Paint Systems
106.8.7.2 Galvanization
106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges
106.8.8.1 Method of Analysis
106.8.8.2 Diaphragms/Cross-Bracing
106.8.8.3 Bearings for Horizontally Curved and/or Skewed Steel Superstructures
106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans
106.8.9.1 Requirements for Designer
106.8.9.2 Erection Submittal Requirements for Contractor’s Engineer
106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design
106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures
106.9.1 Materials
106.9.2 Design Methodology
106.9.2.1 Design Methodology
106.9.3 Diaphragm Requirements
106.9.4 Minimum Spacing of Prestressing Tendons
106.9.5 Tensile Stresses Due to Prestressing
106.9.6 De-bonding Versus Draping
106.9.7 Tensile Stresses at Service Limit State After Losses
106.9.8 Reinforcement
106.9.8.1 Composite Shear Reinforcement
106.9.8.2 Anchorage Zone Reinforcement
106.9.9 Skew Effects
106.9.9.1 Grade and Cross-Slope Effects
106.9.9.2 Horizontal Curve and Flare Effect
106.9.10 Camber
106.9.10.1 Consideration for Staged Construction Camber
106.9.10.2 Simple Spans Made Continuous
106.10 Bearings
106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings
106.10.1.1 Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings
106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings
106.10.2.1 Pot Bearings
106.10.2.2 Disc Bearings
106.10.2.3 Spherical Bearings
106.10.2.4 Mechanical Bearings
106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection
106.10.3.1 Bearing Type Preferences
106.10.3.2 Feasibility due to Fabrication, Installation and Testing Limitations
106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation
106.10.5 Design Requirements
106.10.5.1 Elastomeric Bearings
106.10.5.2 High-load Multi-Rotational Bearings
106.10.5.3 Design Limitations
106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers
106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement
106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges
106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure
106.10.9.1 Sole Plates
106.10.9.2 Masonry Plates and Anchor Rods
106.10.10 Lateral Restraint
106.10.11 Uplift Restraint
106.10.12 Bearing Schedule
106.11 References

Section 107 Final Design Considerations – Substructure

107.1 Introduction
107.2 Terms
107.3 Foundation Design
107.3.1 Settlement Considerations
107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations
107.3.3 Deep Foundations
107.3.4 Pile Foundations
107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles
107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles
107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles
107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles
107.3.4.5 Timber Piles
107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations
107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies
107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type
107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity
107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details
107.3.5.1 Design Footing and Pile Resistance
107.3.5.2 Scour
107.3.5.3 Stepped Footings
107.3.5.4 Corrosion and Deterioration
107.4 Substructure Design
107.4.1 Abutment Design
107.4.1.1 Semi-Integral Abutments
107.4.1.2 Integral Abutments
107.4.1.3 Reinforced-Concrete Stub Abutments
107.4.1.4 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilever Abutments
107.4.1.5 Abutment, Backwall, and Wingwall Details
107.5 Pier Design
107.5.1 Pier Analysis and Design
107.5.2 Fixity Considerations
107.5.3 Pier Detailing
107.5.4 Pile Bents
107.5.5 Protective Sealing of Surfaces
107.6 Retaining Wall Design
107.6.1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
107.6.1.1 Select Granular Backfill
107.6.1.2 Designer Responsibility
107.6.1.3 MSE Wall Manufacturer Responsibility
107.6.2 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilevered Walls
107.6.3 Post and Plank Walls
107.6.4 Sheet-Pile Walls
107.6.4.1 Steel Sheet Piles
107.6.4.2 Concrete Sheet Piles
107.7 Culvert Design
107.7.1 Culvert Hydraulics
107.7.2 Culvert Foundation Design
107.7.3 Concrete Culverts
107.7.3.1 Precast Concrete Box Culverts
107.7.3.2 Cast-In-Place Concrete Box Culverts
107.7.3.3 Reinforced Concrete Rigid Frames
107.7.3.4 Concrete Arches
107.7.3.5 Precast Proprietary Structures
107.7.4 Pipe Culverts
107.7.5 Culvert Details
107.7.5.1 Headwalls
107.7.5.2 Wingwalls
107.7.5.3 Cutoff Walls
107.7.5.4 Scour Aprons
107.7.5.5 Guardrail Attachments
107.7.5.6 Protective Sealing of Surfaces
107.8 Architectural Treatments
107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems
107.10 References

Section 108 Bridge Load Rating

Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies

109.1 Introduction
109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings
109.1.2 Environmental Considerations
109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria
109.2 Material Testing
109.2.1 Concrete
109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength
109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation
109.2.1.3 Chloride Content
109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw
109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential
109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis
109.2.2 Steel
109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis
109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties
109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks
109.3.1 Condition Survey
109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection
109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey
109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey
109.3.1.4 Deck Coring
109.3.2 Deck Evaluation
109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods
109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation
109.3.4.1 General
109.3.4.2 Patching
109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays
109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking
109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction
109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement
109.3.5.1 General
109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete
109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete
109.4 Steel Grid Decks
109.4.1 General
109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation
109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue
109.4.2.2 Corrosion
109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing
109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance
109.4.3 Design Considerations
109.5 Timber Decks
109.5.1 General
109.5.2 Design Considerations
109.6 Safety Considerations
109.7 Deck Joints
109.8 Approach Slabs
109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders
109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs
109.9.1.1 General
109.9.1.2 Design Considerations
109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening
109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams
109.9.2.1 General
109.9.2.2 Design Considerations
109.9.2.3 Repair Methods
109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders
109.9.3.1 General
109.9.3.2 Design Considerations
109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening
109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair
109.9.3.5 Fire Damage
109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting
109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection
109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening
109.10 Bearings
109.11 Foundation and Substructure
109.11.1 General
109.11.2 Design Considerations
109.11.3 Repair Methods
109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs
109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs
109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs
109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs
109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs
109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning
109.12 Retaining Walls
109.12.1 General
109.12.2 Design Considerations
109.12.3 Repair Methods
109.13 Culverts
109.13.1 General
109.13.2 Design Considerations
109.13.3 Repair Methods
109.14 Utilities
109.15 Moveable Bridges
109.16 References

Section 110 Ancillary Structures

110.1 Introduction
110.2 Terms
110.3 Overhead Sign Structures
110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures
110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures
110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs
110.3.2 General Design Considerations
110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility
110.3.2.2 Materials
110.3.2.3 Design Criteria
110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions
110.3.3 Design Process
110.3.4 Foundations
110.4 Sound Barrier Walls
110.4.1 Design Criteria
110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility
110.4.1.2 General Criteria
110.4.1.3 Materials
110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections
110.4.1.5 Loads
110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous
110.4.2 Foundations
110.5 References

Section 111 Construction Coordination

111.1 Working Drawings
111.1.1 Required Working Drawings
111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure
111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings
111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings
111.2 Contractor Requests for Information
111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)
111.4 Plan Revisions
111.5 As-Built Drawings
111.6 References

Section 200 DelDOT References to AASHTO Manual

Section 300 Typical Bridge Design Detail

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