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'''[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection|Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection]]''' | '''[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection|Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection]]''' | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.1 Introduction|103.1 Introduction]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.2 Terms|103.2 Terms]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements|103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.1 Bridge Length|103.3.1 Bridge Length]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges|103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage|103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.2 Sidewalks|103.3.2.2 Sidewalks]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities|103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.2.4 Superelevation|103.3.2.4 Superelevation]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures|103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection|103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains|103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings|103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.4.3 Over Railroads|103.3.4.3 Over Railroads]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5 Vertical Clearance|103.3.5 Vertical Clearance]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains|103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings|103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.5.3 Over Railroads|103.3.5.3 Over Railroads]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.6 Bridge Skew|103.3.6 Bridge Skew]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.3.7 Approach Slabs|103.3.7 Approach Slabs]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4 Structure Type Selection|103.4 Structure Type Selection]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1 Bridge Types|103.4.1 Bridge Types]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.1 Structural Steel|103.4.1.1 Structural Steel]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges|103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges|103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.1.4 Culverts|103.4.1.4 Culverts]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type|103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet|103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet|103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet|103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet|103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet|103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5 Construction|103.5 Construction]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations|103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening|103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.3 Hauling Permits|103.5.3 Hauling Permits]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic|103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.5.5 Inspectability|103.5.5 Inspectability]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6 Substructure Type Selection|103.6 Substructure Type Selection]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.1 General Considerations|103.6.1 General Considerations]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls|103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.6.3 Piers|103.6.3 Piers]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7 Retaining Walls|103.7 Retaining Walls]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1 Wall Types|103.7.1 Wall Types]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls|103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls|103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls|103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls|103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls|103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines|103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.1 Cost|103.8.1 Cost]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.2 Safety|103.8.2 Safety]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.3 Bridge Type|103.8.3 Bridge Type]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.4 Bridge Standards|103.8.4 Bridge Standards]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.5 Feature Crossed|103.8.5 Feature Crossed]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement|103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction|103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process|103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score|103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool|103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects|103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects|103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects]] | ||
::[[103 | ::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques|103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements|103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction|103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems|103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods|103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods]] | ||
:::[[103 | :::[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting|103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads|103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads]] | ||
:[[103 | :[[103 – Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection#103.11 References|103.11 References]] | ||
'''[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics|Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics]]''' | '''[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics|Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics]]''' | ||
:104.1 Introduction | :[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1 Introduction|104.1 Introduction]] | ||
::104.1.1 Terms | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.1 Terms|104.1.1 Terms]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.2 Coordination|104.1.2 Coordination]] | |||
::104.1. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.3 Design Responsibilities|104.1.3 Design Responsibilities]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.4 Field Data Collection|104.1.4 Field Data Collection]] | |||
::104.1. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study|104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study]] | ||
:104 | :[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2 Hydrology|104.2 Hydrology]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.1 Introduction|104.2.1 Introduction]] | |||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.2 Documentation|104.2.2 Documentation]] | |||
:: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3 Precipitation|104.2.3 Precipitation]] | |||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.1 The Rational Method|104.2.3.1 The Rational Method]] | ||
: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)|104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)]] | ||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.3 Published Reports|104.2.3.3 Published Reports]] | ||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data|104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models|104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models]] | |||
::104.2. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance|104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency|104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency]] | |||
::104.2. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.6 Confidence Intervals|104.2.6 Confidence Intervals]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)|104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)]] | |||
:104 | :[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3 Hydraulics|104.3 Hydraulics]] | ||
:: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1 Culverts|104.3.1 Culverts]] | |||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.1 Sizing|104.3.1.1 Sizing]] | |||
:::104.3. | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew|104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew]] | ||
:::104.3. | ::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.3 Shape/Material|104.3.1.3 Shape/Material]] | ||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations|104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2 Bridges|104.3.2 Bridges]] | |||
:: | ::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2.1 Sizing|104.3.2.1 Sizing]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew|104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew]] | |||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.2.3 Shape/Material|104.3.2.3 Shape/Material]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects|104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects]] | |||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.1 Sizing|104.3.3.1 Sizing]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams|104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams]] | |||
: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.3 Shape/Material|104.3.3.3 Shape/Material]] | ||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations|104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations]] | ||
::104 | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts|104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.1 General|104.3.4.1 General]] | |||
:::104 | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers|104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis|104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis]] | |||
:::104.3. | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling|104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges|104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges]] | |||
:::104.3.4 | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise|104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References|104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References]] | |||
::104.3. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software|104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software]] | ||
:::104. | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS|104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5.2 HY-8|104.3.5.2 HY-8]] | |||
:::104 | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models|104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] | ||
:104 | :[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection|104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.1 Scour Investigation|104.4.1 Scour Investigation]] | |||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2 Scour Components|104.4.2 Scour Components]] | |||
:: | ::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour|104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour]] | ||
:::104. | ::: [[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour|104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.2.4 Local Scour|104.4.2.4 Local Scour]] | |||
::104. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude|104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4 Design Considerations|104.4.4 Design Considerations]] | |||
:::104. | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement|104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.2 Spread Footings|104.4.4.2 Spread Footings]] | |||
:::104 | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater|104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater]] | ||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.4 Streambed Material|104.4.4.4 Streambed Material]] | |||
:::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils|104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils]] | |||
:: | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock|104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures|104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures]] | |||
:::104.4. | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection|104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection]] | ||
:::104.4 | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5.2 Guide Banks|104.4.5.2 Guide Banks]] | ||
:::104.4 | :::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts|104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation|104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation]] | |||
::104.4. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation|104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation]] | ||
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5 Streams|104.5 Streams]] | |||
::104. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis|104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.2 Bank Protection|104.5.2 Bank Protection]] | |||
::104. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.3 Channel Modifications|104.5.3 Channel Modifications]] | ||
::104. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.4 Stream Diversions|104.5.4 Stream Diversions]] | ||
::104 | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.5.5 Ice and Debris|104.5.5 Ice and Debris]] | ||
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report|104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report]] | |||
::104 | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions|104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions]] | ||
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.7 Plan Presentation|104.7 Plan Presentation]] | |||
:[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits|104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits]] | |||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.1 FEMA Compliance|104.8.1 FEMA Compliance]] | |||
::104. | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements|104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.3 Tax Ditches|104.8.3 Tax Ditches]] | |||
::104 | ::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis|104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis]] | ||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.5 Aids to Navigation|104.8.5 Aids to Navigation]] | |||
::[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual|104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual]] | |||
:104.9 References | :[[104 – Hydrology and Hydraulics#104.9 References|104.9 References]] | ||
| Line 235: | Line 235: | ||
'''[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations|Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations]]''' | '''[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations|Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations]]''' | ||
:105.1 Introduction | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.1 Introduction|105.1 Introduction]] | ||
:105.2 Terms | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.2 Terms|105.2 Terms]] | ||
:105.3 Subsurface Investigations | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3 Subsurface Investigations|105.3 Subsurface Investigations]] | ||
::105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties|105.3.1 Estimating Soil and Rock Properties]] | ||
::105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation|105.3.2 Estimating Ground Water Table Elevation]] | ||
::105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity | :: [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity|105.3.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity]] | ||
::105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement|105.3.4 Estimation of Settlement]] | ||
::105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials|105.3.5 Estimated Depth of Unsuitable Materials]] | ||
::105.3.6 Global Stability | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.6 Global Stability|105.3.6 Global Stability]] | ||
::105.3.7 Corrosive Environment | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.7 Corrosive Environment|105.3.7 Corrosive Environment]] | ||
::105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze | :: [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze|105.3.8 Lateral Squeeze]] | ||
:105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request|105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request]] | ||
::105.4.1 Request for Test Borings | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.1 Request for Test Borings|105.4.1 Request for Test Borings]] | ||
:::105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings | :::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings|105.4.1.1 Quantity and Location of Structural Borings]] | ||
:::105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings | :::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings|105.4.1.2 Depth of Structural Borings]] | ||
::105.4.2 Boring Logs | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.2 Boring Logs|105.4.2 Boring Logs]] | ||
::105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing|105.4.3 Coordination for Soils/Rock Testing]] | ||
:::105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests | ::: [[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests|105.4.3.1 Typical Soil Tests]] | ||
:::105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests | :::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests|105.4.3.2 Typical Rock Tests]] | ||
:105.5 Geotechnical Report | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.5 Geotechnical Report|105.5 Geotechnical Report]] | ||
:105.6 Foundation Report | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6 Foundation Report|105.6 Foundation Report]] | ||
::105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report|105.6.1 Concise Foundation Report]] | ||
::105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals|105.6.2 Foundation Report Submittals]] | ||
::105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control|105.6.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control]] | ||
::105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References | ::[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References|105.6.4 Geotechnical Design References]] | ||
:105.7 References | :[[105 - Geotechnical Investigations#105.7 References|105.7 References]] | ||
'''[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure|Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure]]''' | '''[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure|Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure]]''' | ||
:106.1 Introduction | :[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.1 Introduction|106.1 Introduction]] | ||
:106.2 Terms | :[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.2 Terms|106.2 Terms]] | ||
:106.3 Design Loads | :[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3 Design Loads|106.3 Design Loads]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.1 Dead Loads|106.3.1 Dead Loads]] | |||
:::106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch|106.3.1.1 Considerations for Deck Haunch]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.1.2 Distribution of Dead Loads|106.3.1.2 Distribution of Dead Loads]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.3.2 Live Loads|106.3.2 Live Loads]] | |||
:106 | :[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4 Bridge Decks|106.4 Bridge Decks]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations|106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2 Concrete Decks|106.4.2 Concrete Decks]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations|106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations]] | ||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness|106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness]] | ||
:::106.4.2. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel|106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch|106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch]] | |||
:::106.4.2. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover|106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence|106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence]] | |||
:::106.4.2. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs|106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing|106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing]] | |||
:::106.4.2. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays|106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints|106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints]] | |||
:::106 | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield|106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations|106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations]] | |||
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings|106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.1 DelDOT Standard Bridge Barrier and Railing Applications|106.5.1 DelDOT Standard Bridge Barrier and Railing Applications]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.2 Bridge Barrier Design Considerations|106.5.2 Bridge Barrier Design Considerations]] | |||
::106 | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.3 Protective Screening, Shielding, and Fencing|106.5.3 Protective Screening, Shielding, and Fencing]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.5.4 Bridge Lighting|106.5.4 Bridge Lighting]] | |||
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6 Deck Joints|106.6 Deck Joints]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.1 Jointless Bridges|106.6.1 Jointless Bridges]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.2 Strip Seal Joints|106.6.2 Strip Seal Joints]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.3 Steel Finger Joints|106.6.3 Steel Finger Joints]] | |||
::106 | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.6.4 Longitudinal Joints|106.6.4 Longitudinal Joints]] | ||
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.7 Approach Slab Design|106.7 Approach Slab Design]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.7.1 Approach Slab Geometry and Design Requirements|106.7.1 Approach Slab Geometry and Design Requirements]] | |||
:106 | :[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations|106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements|106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements]] | |||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1.1 Grade 50 Steel|106.8.1.1 Grade 50 Steel]] | |||
:::106. | ::: [[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1.2 Weathering Steel|106.8.1.2 Weathering Steel]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.1.3 High-Performance Steels|106.8.1.3 High-Performance Steels]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations|106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations]] | |||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.2.1 Redundancy Requirements|106.8.2.1 Redundancy Requirements]] | |||
: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.2.2 Welding and Weld Procedures|106.8.2.2 Welding and Weld Procedures]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders|106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.3.1 Minimum Plate Thicknesses|106.8.3.1 Minimum Plate Thicknesses]] | ||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.3.2 Plate Girder Geometric Proportionality – General Practice|106.8.3.2 Plate Girder Geometric Proportionality – General Practice]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.4 Shear Connectors|106.8.4 Shear Connectors]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing|106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.6 Bolted Connections|106.8.6 Bolted Connections]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.7 Protective Coatings|106.8.7 Protective Coatings]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.7.1 Paint Systems|106.8.7.1 Paint Systems]] | |||
: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.7.2 Galvanization|106.8.7.2 Galvanization]] | ||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges|106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8.1 Method of Analysis|106.8.8.1 Method of Analysis]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8.2 Diaphragms/Cross-Bracing|106.8.8.2 Diaphragms/Cross-Bracing]] | ||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.8.3 Bearings for Horizontally Curved and/or Skewed Steel Superstructures|106.8.8.3 Bearings for Horizontally Curved and/or Skewed Steel Superstructures]] | ||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans|106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.9.1 Requirements for Designer|106.8.9.1 Requirements for Designer]] | |||
: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.9.2 Erection Submittal Requirements for Contractor’s Engineer|106.8.9.2 Erection Submittal Requirements for Contractor’s Engineer]] | ||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design|106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design]] | ||
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures|106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures]] | |||
: | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.1 Materials|106.9.1 Materials]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.2 Design Methodology|106.9.2 Design Methodology]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.2.1 Design Methodology|106.9.2.1 Design Methodology]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.3 Diaphragm Requirements|106.9.3 Diaphragm Requirements]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.4 Minimum Spacing of Prestressing Tendons|106.9.4 Minimum Spacing of Prestressing Tendons]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.5 Tensile Stresses Due to Prestressing|106.9.5 Tensile Stresses Due to Prestressing]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.6 De-bonding Versus Draping|106.9.6 De-bonding Versus Draping]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.7 Reinforcement|106.9.7 Reinforcement]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.7.1 Composite Shear Reinforcement|106.9.7.1 Composite Shear Reinforcement]] | |||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.7.2 Anchorage Zone Reinforcement|106.9.7.2 Anchorage Zone Reinforcement]] | ||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.8 Skew Effects|106.9.8 Skew Effects]] | ||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.8.1 Grade and Cross-Slope Effects|106.9.8.1 Grade and Cross-Slope Effects]] | ||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.8.2 Horizontal Curve and Flare Effect|106.9.8.2 Horizontal Curve and Flare Effect]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.9 Camber|106.9.9 Camber]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.9.1 Consideration for Staged Construction Camber|106.9.9.1 Consideration for Staged Construction Camber]] | ||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.9.9.2 Simple Spans Made Continuous|106.9.9.2 Simple Spans Made Continuous]] | ||
:[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10 Bearings|106.10 Bearings]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings|106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings]] | |||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.1.1 Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings|106.10.1.1 Steel-Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings|106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.1 Pot Bearings|106.10.2.1 Pot Bearings]] | ||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.2 Disc Bearings|106.10.2.2 Disc Bearings]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.3 Spherical Bearings|106.10.2.3 Spherical Bearings]] | |||
:: | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.2.4 Mechanical Bearings|106.10.2.4 Mechanical Bearings]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection|106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection]] | |||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.3.1 Bearing Type Preferences|106.10.3.1 Bearing Type Preferences]] | ||
:::106. | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.3.2 Feasibility due to Fabrication, Installation and Testing Limitations|106.10.3.2 Feasibility due to Fabrication, Installation and Testing Limitations]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation|106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5 Design Requirements|106.10.5 Design Requirements]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5.1 Elastomeric Bearings|106.10.5.1 Elastomeric Bearings]] | |||
:::106 | :::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5.2 High-load Multi-Rotational Bearings|106.10.5.2 High-load Multi-Rotational Bearings]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.5.3 Design Limitations|106.10.5.3 Design Limitations]] | |||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers|106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement|106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges|106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges]] | |||
::106 | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure|106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure]] | ||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.9.1 Sole Plates|106.10.9.1 Sole Plates]] | |||
:::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.9.2 Masonry Plates and Anchor Rods|106.10.9.2 Masonry Plates and Anchor Rods]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.10 Lateral Restraint|106.10.10 Lateral Restraint]] | ||
::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.11 Uplift Restraint|106.10.11 Uplift Restraint]] | |||
::106. | ::[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.10.12 Bearing Schedule|106.10.12 Bearing Schedule]] | ||
:106.11 References | :[[106 - Final Design Consideration - Superstructure#106.11 References|106.11 References]] | ||
| Line 504: | Line 504: | ||
::109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria | ::109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria | ||
:109.2 Material Testing | :109.2 Material Testing | ||
:: 109.2.1 Concrete | ::109.2.1 Concrete | ||
:::109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength | :::109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength | ||
:::109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation | :::109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation | ||
:::109.2.1.3 Chloride Content | :::109.2.1.3 Chloride Content | ||
:::109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw | :::109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw | ||
::: 109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential | :::109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential | ||
:::109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis | :::109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis | ||
::109.2.2 Steel | ::109.2.2 Steel | ||
| Line 530: | Line 530: | ||
::109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement | ::109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement | ||
:::109.3.5.1 General | :::109.3.5.1 General | ||
::: 109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete | :::109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete | ||
:::109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete | :::109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete | ||
:109.4 Steel Grid Decks | :109.4 Steel Grid Decks | ||
| Line 540: | Line 540: | ||
:::109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance | :::109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance | ||
::109.4.3 Design Considerations | ::109.4.3 Design Considerations | ||
: 109.5 Timber Decks | :109.5 Timber Decks | ||
::109.5.1 General | ::109.5.1 General | ||
::109.5.2 Design Considerations | ::109.5.2 Design Considerations | ||
:109.6 Safety Considerations | :109.6 Safety Considerations | ||
: 109.7 Deck Joints | :109.7 Deck Joints | ||
:109.8 Approach Slabs | :109.8 Approach Slabs | ||
:109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders | :109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders | ||
:: 109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs | ::109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs | ||
:::109.9.1.1 General | :::109.9.1.1 General | ||
:::109.9.1.2 Design Considerations | :::109.9.1.2 Design Considerations | ||
Revision as of 17:55, 9 December 2021
- 101.1 Purpose
- 101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual
- 101.3 Policy
- 101.4 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards
- 101.5 Terms
- 101.6 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement
- 101.7 Computer Software
- 101.8 Feedback
- 101.9 References
Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements
- 102.1 Plan Presentation
- 102.2 Special Provisions Development
- 102.3 Quantities and Cost Estimates
- 102.4 Construction Schedule
- 102.5 Bridge Design Procedures
- 102.6 Preliminary Design
- 102.7 Preliminary Construction Plans
- 102.8 Semi-Final Construction Plans
- 102.9 Final Construction Plans
- 102.10 Plans, Specifications, and Estimate
- 102.11 Bid-Cycle Requirements
- 102.12 References
Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection
- 103.1 Introduction
- 103.2 Terms
- 103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements
- 103.4 Structure Type Selection
- 103.5 Construction
- 103.6 Substructure Type Selection
- 103.7 Retaining Walls
- 103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines
- 103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction
- 103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads
- 103.11 References
Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics
- 104.1 Introduction
- 104.2 Hydrology
- 104.3 Hydraulics
- 104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection
- 104.5 Streams
- 104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
- 104.7 Plan Presentation
- 104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits
- 104.9 References
Appendix 104-1: Hydraulic Field Assessment Checklist
Appendix 104-2: Hydraulic Survey Form
Appendix 104-3: H&H Report Hydraulic Data Summary Sheet
Appendix 104-4: H&H Report Sample Format
Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations
- 105.1 Introduction
- 105.2 Terms
- 105.3 Subsurface Investigations
- 105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request
- 105.5 Geotechnical Report
- 105.6 Foundation Report
- 105.7 References
Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure
- 106.1 Introduction
- 106.2 Terms
- 106.3 Design Loads
- 106.4 Bridge Decks
- 106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations
- 106.4.2 Concrete Decks
- 106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations
- 106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness
- 106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel
- 106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch
- 106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover
- 106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence
- 106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs
- 106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing
- 106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays
- 106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints
- 106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield
- 106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations
- 106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings
- 106.6 Deck Joints
- 106.7 Approach Slab Design
- 106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations
- 106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements
- 106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations
- 106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders
- 106.8.4 Shear Connectors
- 106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing
- 106.8.6 Bolted Connections
- 106.8.7 Protective Coatings
- 106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges
- 106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans
- 106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design
- 106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures
- 106.10 Bearings
- 106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings
- 106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings
- 106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection
- 106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation
- 106.10.5 Design Requirements
- 106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers
- 106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement
- 106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges
- 106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure
- 106.10.10 Lateral Restraint
- 106.10.11 Uplift Restraint
- 106.10.12 Bearing Schedule
- 106.11 References
Section 107 Final Design Considerations – Substructure
- 107.1 Introduction
- 107.2 Terms
- 107.3 Foundation Design
- 107.3.1 Settlement Considerations
- 107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations
- 107.3.3 Deep Foundations
- 107.3.4 Pile Foundations
- 107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles
- 107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles
- 107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles
- 107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles
- 107.3.4.5 Timber Piles
- 107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations
- 107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies
- 107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type
- 107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity
- 107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details
- 107.3.5.1 Design Footing and Pile Resistance
- 107.3.5.2 Scour
- 107.3.5.3 Stepped Footings
- 107.3.5.4 Corrosion and Deterioration
- 107.4 Substructure Design
- 107.4.1 Abutment Design
- 107.4.1.1 Semi-Integral Abutments
- 107.4.1.2 Integral Abutments
- 107.4.1.3 Reinforced-Concrete Stub Abutments
- 107.4.1.4 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilever Abutments
- 107.4.1.5 Abutment, Backwall, and Wingwall Details
- 107.4.1 Abutment Design
- 107.5 Pier Design
- 107.5.1 Pier Analysis and Design
- 107.5.2 Fixity Considerations
- 107.5.3 Pier Detailing
- 107.5.4 Pile Bents
- 107.5.5 Protective Sealing of Surfaces
- 107.6 Retaining Wall Design
- 107.6.1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
- 107.6.1.1 Select Granular Backfill
- 107.6.1.2 Designer Responsibility
- 107.6.1.3 MSE Wall Manufacturer Responsibility
- 107.6.2 Reinforced-Concrete Cantilevered Walls
- 107.6.3 Post and Plank Walls
- 107.6.4 Sheet-Pile Walls
- 107.6.4.1 Steel Sheet Piles
- 107.6.4.2 Concrete Sheet Piles
- 107.6.1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls
- 107.7 Culvert Design
- 107.7.1 Culvert Hydraulics
- 107.7.2 Culvert Foundation Design
- 107.7.3 Concrete Culverts
- 107.7.3.1 Precast Concrete Box Culverts
- 107.7.3.2 Cast-In-Place Concrete Box Culverts
- 107.7.3.3 Reinforced Concrete Rigid Frames
- 107.7.3.4 Concrete Arches
- 107.7.3.5 Precast Proprietary Structures
- 107.7.4 Pipe Culverts
- 107.7.5 Culvert Details
- 107.7.5.1 Headwalls
- 107.7.5.2 Wingwalls
- 107.7.5.3 Cutoff Walls
- 107.7.5.4 Scour Aprons
- 107.7.5.5 Guardrail Attachments
- 107.7.5.6 Protective Sealing of Surfaces
- 107.8 Architectural Treatments
- 107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems
- 107.10 References
Section 108 Bridge Load Rating
- 108.1 Introduction
- 108.2 Application
- 108.3 Terms
- 108.4 Load Rating Specifications
- 108.5 Load Rating Process
- 108.6 Responsibility
- 108.7 Quality Control Procedures
- 108.7.1 Quality Control Roles and Responsibilities
- 108.7.2 Load Rating Engineer Qualifications
- 108.7.3 Load Rater Qualifications
- 108.7.4 Load Rating Reviewer Qualifications
- 108.7.5 Review and Validation of Load Rating Reports
- 108.7.6 Resolution of Data, Errors and Changes
- 108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures
- 108.8.1 Quality Assurance Roles and Responsibilities
- 108.8.2 Load Rating Quality Assurance Review Procedures
- 108.8.2.1 Sampling Parameters
- 108.8.2.2 Acceptance Criteria
- 108.8.2.3 Annual Report
- 108.9 Load Rating Requirements
- 108.9.1 New Bridges
- 108.9.2 Rehabilitated Bridges
- 108.9.3 During Construction
- 108.9.4 Bridge Inspections
- 108.9.5 Load Rating Timeline
- 108.9.5.1 New Bridge and Rehabilitated Bridges
- 108.9.5.2 Load Ratings Based on Bridge Inspections
- 108.9.5.3 Periodic Load Rating Review
- 108.9.6 Rated Members
- 108.10 Load Rating Procedures
- 108.10.1 Analytical Steps in Load Rating
- 108.10.2 Information Gathering
- 108.10.2.1 Material Properties
- 108.10.3 Load Rating Methods
- 108.10.3.1 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method
- 108.10.3.2 Diagnostic Load Testing
- 108.10.3.3 Pipe Culverts
- 108.10.3.4 Other Methods
- 108.10.4 Structural Analysis and Tools
- 108.10.4.1 Structural Analysis Requirements
- 108.10.4.2 BRASS Data Set Standards
- 108.10.5 General Load Rating Equation
- 108.10.5.1 Limit States, Load Effects, and Load Factors
- 108.10.5.2 Condition Factor
- 108.10.5.3 System Factor
- 108.10.5.4 Resistance Factors
- 108.10.5.5 Loads
- 108.10.6 Load Rating Report
- 108.10.7 Load Rating Examples
- 108.10.8 Load Restriction Posting
- 108.11 References
Appendix 108-1 – Sample Brass-LRFD Data File
Appendix 108-2 – Load Restriction Resolution
Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies
- 109.1 Introduction
- 109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings
- 109.1.2 Environmental Considerations
- 109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria
- 109.2 Material Testing
- 109.2.1 Concrete
- 109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength
- 109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation
- 109.2.1.3 Chloride Content
- 109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw
- 109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential
- 109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis
- 109.2.2 Steel
- 109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis
- 109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties
- 109.2.1 Concrete
- 109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks
- 109.3.1 Condition Survey
- 109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection
- 109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey
- 109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey
- 109.3.1.4 Deck Coring
- 109.3.2 Deck Evaluation
- 109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods
- 109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation
- 109.3.4.1 General
- 109.3.4.2 Patching
- 109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays
- 109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking
- 109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction
- 109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement
- 109.3.5.1 General
- 109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete
- 109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete
- 109.3.1 Condition Survey
- 109.4 Steel Grid Decks
- 109.4.1 General
- 109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation
- 109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue
- 109.4.2.2 Corrosion
- 109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing
- 109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance
- 109.4.3 Design Considerations
- 109.5 Timber Decks
- 109.5.1 General
- 109.5.2 Design Considerations
- 109.6 Safety Considerations
- 109.7 Deck Joints
- 109.8 Approach Slabs
- 109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders
- 109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs
- 109.9.1.1 General
- 109.9.1.2 Design Considerations
- 109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening
- 109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams
- 109.9.2.1 General
- 109.9.2.2 Design Considerations
- 109.9.2.3 Repair Methods
- 109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders
- 109.9.3.1 General
- 109.9.3.2 Design Considerations
- 109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening
- 109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair
- 109.9.3.5 Fire Damage
- 109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting
- 109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection
- 109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening
- 109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs
- 109.10 Bearings
- 109.11 Foundation and Substructure
- 109.11.1 General
- 109.11.2 Design Considerations
- 109.11.3 Repair Methods
- 109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs
- 109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs
- 109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs
- 109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs
- 109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs
- 109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning
- 109.12 Retaining Walls
- 109.12.1 General
- 109.12.2 Design Considerations
- 109.12.3 Repair Methods
- 109.13 Culverts
- 109.13.1 General
- 109.13.2 Design Considerations
- 109.13.3 Repair Methods
- 109.14 Utilities
- 109.15 Moveable Bridges
- 109.16 References
Section 110 Ancillary Structures
- 110.1 Introduction
- 110.2 Terms
- 110.3 Overhead Sign Structures
- 110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
- 110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures
- 110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures
- 110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs
- 110.3.2 General Design Considerations
- 110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility
- 110.3.2.2 Materials
- 110.3.2.3 Design Criteria
- 110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions
- 110.3.3 Design Process
- 110.3.4 Foundations
- 110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
- 110.4 Sound Barrier Walls
- 110.4.1 Design Criteria
- 110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility
- 110.4.1.2 General Criteria
- 110.4.1.3 Materials
- 110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections
- 110.4.1.5 Loads
- 110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous
- 110.4.2 Foundations
- 110.4.1 Design Criteria
- 110.5 References
Section 111 Construction Coordination
- 111.1 Working Drawings
- 111.1.1 Required Working Drawings
- 111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure
- 111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings
- 111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings
- 111.2 Contractor Requests for Information
- 111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)
- 111.4 Plan Revisions
- 111.5 As-Built Drawings
- 111.6 References