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:[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.10 References|107.10 References]] | :[[107 - Final Design Considerations - Substructure#107.10 References|107.10 References]] | ||
=== '''[[108 - Bridge Load Rating|Section 108 Bridge Load Rating]]''' === | === '''[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#|Section 108 Bridge Load Rating]]''' === | ||
:108.1 Introduction | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.1 Introduction|108.1 Introduction]] | ||
:108.2 Application | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.2 Application|108.2 Application]] | ||
:108.3 Terms | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.3 Terms|108.3 Terms]] | ||
:108.4 Load Rating Specifications | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.4 Load Rating Specifications|108.4 Load Rating Specifications]] | ||
:108.5 Load Rating Process | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.5 Load Rating Process|108.5 Load Rating Process]] | ||
:108.6 Responsibility | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.6 Responsibility|108.6 Responsibility]] | ||
:108.7 Quality Control Procedures | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7 Quality Control Procedures|108.7 Quality Control Procedures]] | ||
::108.7.1 Quality Control Roles and Responsibilities | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7.1 Quality Control Roles and Responsibilities|108.7.1 Quality Control Roles and Responsibilities]] | ||
::108.7.2 Load Rating Engineer Qualifications | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7.2 Load Rating Engineer Qualifications|108.7.2 Load Rating Engineer Qualifications]] | ||
::108.7.3 Load Rater Qualifications | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7.3 Load Rater Qualifications|108.7.3 Load Rater Qualifications]] | ||
::108.7.4 Load Rating Reviewer Qualifications | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7.4 Load Rating Reviewer Qualifications|108.7.4 Load Rating Reviewer Qualifications]] | ||
::108.7.5 Review and Validation of Load Rating Reports | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7.5 Review and Validation of Load Rating Reports|108.7.5 Review and Validation of Load Rating Reports]] | ||
::108.7.6 Resolution of Data, Errors and Changes | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.7.6 Resolution of Data, Errors and Changes|108.7.6 Resolution of Data, Errors and Changes]] | ||
:108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures|108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures]] | ||
::108.8.1 Quality Assurance Roles and Responsibilities | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.8.1 Quality Assurance Roles and Responsibilities|108.8.1 Quality Assurance Roles and Responsibilities]] | ||
::108.8.2 Load Rating Quality Assurance Review Procedures | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.8.2 Load Rating Quality Assurance Review Procedures|108.8.2 Load Rating Quality Assurance Review Procedures]] | ||
:::108.8.2.1 Sampling Parameters | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.8.2.1 Sampling Parameters|108.8.2.1 Sampling Parameters]] | ||
:::108.8.2.2 Acceptance Criteria | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.8.2.2 Acceptance Criteria|108.8.2.2 Acceptance Criteria]] | ||
:::108.8.2.3 Annual Report | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.8.2.3 Annual Report|108.8.2.3 Annual Report]] | ||
:108.9 Load Rating Requirements | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9 Load Rating Requirements|108.9 Load Rating Requirements]] | ||
::108.9.1 New Bridges | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.1 New Bridges|108.9.1 New Bridges]] | ||
::108.9.2 Rehabilitated Bridges | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.2 Rehabilitated Bridges|108.9.2 Rehabilitated Bridges]] | ||
::108.9.3 During Construction | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.3 During Construction|108.9.3 During Construction]] | ||
::108.9.4 Bridge Inspections | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.4 Bridge Inspections|108.9.4 Bridge Inspections]] | ||
::108.9.5 Load Rating Timeline | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.5 Load Rating Timeline|108.9.5 Load Rating Timeline]] | ||
:::108.9.5.1 New Bridge and Rehabilitated Bridges | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.5.1 New Bridge and Rehabilitated Bridges|108.9.5.1 New Bridge and Rehabilitated Bridges]] | ||
:::108.9.5.2 Load Ratings Based on Bridge Inspections | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.5.2 Load Ratings Based on Bridge Inspections|108.9.5.2 Load Ratings Based on Bridge Inspections]] | ||
:::108.9.5.3 Periodic Load Rating Review | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.5.3 Periodic Load Rating Review|108.9.5.3 Periodic Load Rating Review]] | ||
::108.9.6 Rated Members | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.9.6 Rated Members|108.9.6 Rated Members]] | ||
:108.10 Load Rating Procedures | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10 Load Rating Procedures|108.10 Load Rating Procedures]] | ||
::108.10.1 Analytical Steps in Load Rating | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.1 Analytical Steps in Load Rating|108.10.1 Analytical Steps in Load Rating]] | ||
::108.10.2 Information Gathering | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.2 Information Gathering|108.10.2 Information Gathering]] | ||
:::108.10.2.1 Material Properties | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.2.1 Material Properties|108.10.2.1 Material Properties]] | ||
::108.10.3 Load Rating Methods | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.3 Load Rating Methods|108.10.3 Load Rating Methods]] | ||
:::108.10.3.1 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.3.1 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method|108.10.3.1 Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method]] | ||
:::108.10.3.2 Diagnostic Load Testing | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.3.2 Diagnostic Load Testing|108.10.3.2 Diagnostic Load Testing]] | ||
:::108.10.3.3 Pipe Culverts | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.3.3 Pipe Culverts|108.10.3.3 Pipe Culverts]] | ||
:::108.10.3.4 Other Methods | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.3.4 Other Methods|108.10.3.4 Other Methods]] | ||
::108.10.4 Structural Analysis and Tools | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.4 Structural Analysis and Tools|108.10.4 Structural Analysis and Tools]] | ||
:::108.10.4.1 Structural Analysis Requirements | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.4.1 Structural Analysis Requirements|108.10.4.1 Structural Analysis Requirements]] | ||
:::108.10.4.2 BRASS Data Set Standards | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.4.2 BRASS Data Set Standards|108.10.4.2 BRASS Data Set Standards]] | ||
::108.10.5 General Load Rating Equation | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.5 General Load Rating Equation|108.10.5 General Load Rating Equation]] | ||
:::108.10.5.1 Limit States, Load Effects, and Load Factors | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.5.1 Limit States, Load Effects, and Load Factors|108.10.5.1 Limit States, Load Effects, and Load Factors]] | ||
:::108.10.5.2 Condition Factor | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.5.2 Condition Factor|108.10.5.2 Condition Factor]] | ||
:::108.10.5.3 System Factor | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.5.3 System Factor|108.10.5.3 System Factor]] | ||
:::108.10.5.4 Resistance Factors | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.5.4 Resistance Factors|108.10.5.4 Resistance Factors]] | ||
:::108.10.5.5 Loads | :::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.5.5 Loads|108.10.5.5 Loads]] | ||
::108.10.6 Load Rating Report | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.6 Load Rating Report|108.10.6 Load Rating Report]] | ||
::108.10.7 Load Rating Examples | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.7 Load Rating Examples|108.10.7 Load Rating Examples]] | ||
::108.10.8 Load Restriction Posting | ::[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.10.8 Load Restriction Posting|108.10.8 Load Restriction Posting]] | ||
:108.11 References | :[[108 - Bridge Load Rating#108.11 References|108.11 References]] | ||
=== [[Appendix 108-1 - Sample Brass-LRFD Data File|'''Appendix 108-1 – Sample Brass-LRFD Data File''']] === | === [[Appendix 108-1 - Sample Brass-LRFD Data File|'''Appendix 108-1 – Sample Brass-LRFD Data File''']] === |
Revision as of 10:13, 10 December 2021
Section 101 Introduction
- 101.1 Purpose
- 101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual
- 101.3 Policy
- 101.4 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards
- 101.5 Terms
- 101.6 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement
- 101.7 Computer Software
- 101.8 Feedback
- 101.9 References
Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements
- 102.1 Plan Presentation
- 102.2 Special Provisions Development
- 102.3 Quantities and Cost Estimates
- 102.4 Construction Schedule
- 102.5 Bridge Design Procedures
- 102.6 Preliminary Design
- 102.7 Preliminary Construction Plans
- 102.8 Semi-Final Construction Plans
- 102.9 Final Construction Plans
- 102.10 Plans, Specifications, and Estimate
- 102.11 Bid-Cycle Requirements
- 102.12 References
Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection
- 103.1 Introduction
- 103.2 Terms
- 103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements
- 103.4 Structure Type Selection
- 103.5 Construction
- 103.6 Substructure Type Selection
- 103.7 Retaining Walls
- 103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines
- 103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction
- 103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads
- 103.11 References
Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics
- 104.1 Introduction
- 104.2 Hydrology
- 104.3 Hydraulics
- 104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection
- 104.5 Streams
- 104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
- 104.7 Plan Presentation
- 104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits
- 104.9 References
Appendix 104-1: Hydraulic Field Assessment Checklist
Appendix 104-2: Hydraulic Survey Form
Appendix 104-3: H&H Report Hydraulic Data Summary Sheet
Appendix 104-4: H&H Report Sample Format
Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations
- 105.1 Introduction
- 105.2 Terms
- 105.3 Subsurface Investigations
- 105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request
- 105.5 Geotechnical Report
- 105.6 Foundation Report
- 105.7 References
Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure
- 106.1 Introduction
- 106.2 Terms
- 106.3 Design Loads
- 106.4 Bridge Decks
- 106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations
- 106.4.2 Concrete Decks
- 106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations
- 106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness
- 106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel
- 106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch
- 106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover
- 106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence
- 106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs
- 106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing
- 106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays
- 106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints
- 106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield
- 106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations
- 106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings
- 106.6 Deck Joints
- 106.7 Approach Slab Design
- 106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations
- 106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements
- 106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations
- 106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders
- 106.8.4 Shear Connectors
- 106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing
- 106.8.6 Bolted Connections
- 106.8.7 Protective Coatings
- 106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges
- 106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans
- 106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design
- 106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures
- 106.10 Bearings
- 106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings
- 106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings
- 106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection
- 106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation
- 106.10.5 Design Requirements
- 106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers
- 106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement
- 106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges
- 106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure
- 106.10.10 Lateral Restraint
- 106.10.11 Uplift Restraint
- 106.10.12 Bearing Schedule
- 106.11 References
Section 107 Final Design Considerations – Substructure
- 107.1 Introduction
- 107.2 Terms
- 107.3 Foundation Design
- 107.3.1 Settlement Considerations
- 107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations
- 107.3.3 Deep Foundations
- 107.3.4 Pile Foundations
- 107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles
- 107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles
- 107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles
- 107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles
- 107.3.4.5 Timber Piles
- 107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations
- 107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies
- 107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type
- 107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity
- 107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details
- 107.4 Substructure Design
- 107.5 Pier Design
- 107.6 Retaining Wall Design
- 107.7 Culvert Design
- 107.8 Architectural Treatments
- 107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems
- 107.10 References
Section 108 Bridge Load Rating
- 108.1 Introduction
- 108.2 Application
- 108.3 Terms
- 108.4 Load Rating Specifications
- 108.5 Load Rating Process
- 108.6 Responsibility
- 108.7 Quality Control Procedures
- 108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures
- 108.9 Load Rating Requirements
- 108.10 Load Rating Procedures
- 108.11 References
Appendix 108-1 – Sample Brass-LRFD Data File
Appendix 108-2 – Load Restriction Resolution
Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies
- 109.1 Introduction
- 109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings
- 109.1.2 Environmental Considerations
- 109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria
- 109.2 Material Testing
- 109.2.1 Concrete
- 109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength
- 109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation
- 109.2.1.3 Chloride Content
- 109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw
- 109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential
- 109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis
- 109.2.2 Steel
- 109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis
- 109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties
- 109.2.1 Concrete
- 109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks
- 109.3.1 Condition Survey
- 109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection
- 109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey
- 109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey
- 109.3.1.4 Deck Coring
- 109.3.2 Deck Evaluation
- 109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods
- 109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation
- 109.3.4.1 General
- 109.3.4.2 Patching
- 109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays
- 109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking
- 109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction
- 109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement
- 109.3.5.1 General
- 109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete
- 109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete
- 109.3.1 Condition Survey
- 109.4 Steel Grid Decks
- 109.4.1 General
- 109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation
- 109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue
- 109.4.2.2 Corrosion
- 109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing
- 109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance
- 109.4.3 Design Considerations
- 109.5 Timber Decks
- 109.5.1 General
- 109.5.2 Design Considerations
- 109.6 Safety Considerations
- 109.7 Deck Joints
- 109.8 Approach Slabs
- 109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders
- 109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs
- 109.9.1.1 General
- 109.9.1.2 Design Considerations
- 109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening
- 109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams
- 109.9.2.1 General
- 109.9.2.2 Design Considerations
- 109.9.2.3 Repair Methods
- 109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders
- 109.9.3.1 General
- 109.9.3.2 Design Considerations
- 109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening
- 109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair
- 109.9.3.5 Fire Damage
- 109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting
- 109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection
- 109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening
- 109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs
- 109.10 Bearings
- 109.11 Foundation and Substructure
- 109.11.1 General
- 109.11.2 Design Considerations
- 109.11.3 Repair Methods
- 109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs
- 109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs
- 109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs
- 109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs
- 109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs
- 109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning
- 109.12 Retaining Walls
- 109.12.1 General
- 109.12.2 Design Considerations
- 109.12.3 Repair Methods
- 109.13 Culverts
- 109.13.1 General
- 109.13.2 Design Considerations
- 109.13.3 Repair Methods
- 109.14 Utilities
- 109.15 Moveable Bridges
- 109.16 References
Section 110 Ancillary Structures
- 110.1 Introduction
- 110.2 Terms
- 110.3 Overhead Sign Structures
- 110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
- 110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures
- 110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures
- 110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs
- 110.3.2 General Design Considerations
- 110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility
- 110.3.2.2 Materials
- 110.3.2.3 Design Criteria
- 110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions
- 110.3.3 Design Process
- 110.3.4 Foundations
- 110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
- 110.4 Sound Barrier Walls
- 110.4.1 Design Criteria
- 110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility
- 110.4.1.2 General Criteria
- 110.4.1.3 Materials
- 110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections
- 110.4.1.5 Loads
- 110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous
- 110.4.2 Foundations
- 110.4.1 Design Criteria
- 110.5 References
Section 111 Construction Coordination
- 111.1 Working Drawings
- 111.1.1 Required Working Drawings
- 111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure
- 111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings
- 111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings
- 111.2 Contractor Requests for Information
- 111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)
- 111.4 Plan Revisions
- 111.5 As-Built Drawings
- 111.6 References