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=== '''[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies|Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies]]''' === | === '''[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies|Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies]]''' === | ||
:109.1 Introduction | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1 Introduction|109.1 Introduction]] | ||
::109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings|109.1.1 Bridge Inspections and Load Ratings]] | ||
::109.1.2 Environmental Considerations | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1.2 Environmental Considerations|109.1.2 Environmental Considerations]] | ||
::109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria|109.1.3 Rehabilitation Design Criteria]] | ||
:109.2 Material Testing | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2 Material Testing|109.2 Material Testing]] | ||
::109.2.1 Concrete | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1 Concrete|109.2.1 Concrete]] | ||
:::109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength|109.2.1.1 Compressive Strength]] | ||
:::109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation|109.2.1.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction Evaluation]] | ||
:::109.2.1.3 Chloride Content | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.3 Chloride Content|109.2.1.3 Chloride Content]] | ||
:::109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw|109.2.1.4 Freeze-Thaw]] | ||
:::109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential|109.2.1.5 Half-Cell Potential]] | ||
:::109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis|109.2.1.6 Petrographic Analysis]] | ||
::109.2.2 Steel | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.2 Steel|109.2.2 Steel]] | ||
:::109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis|109.2.2.1 Chemical Analysis]] | ||
:::109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties|109.2.2.2 Mechanical Properties]] | ||
:109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks|109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks]] | ||
::109.3.1 Condition Survey | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1 Condition Survey|109.3.1 Condition Survey]] | ||
:::109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection|109.3.1.1 Visual Inspection]] | ||
:::109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey|109.3.1.2 Delamination Survey]] | ||
:::109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey|109.3.1.3 Reinforcing Corrosion Survey]] | ||
:::109.3.1.4 Deck Coring | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.1.4 Deck Coring|109.3.1.4 Deck Coring]] | ||
::109.3.2 Deck Evaluation | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.2 Deck Evaluation|109.3.2 Deck Evaluation]] | ||
::109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods|109.3.3 Deck Removal Methods]] | ||
::109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation|109.3.4 Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation]] | ||
:::109.3.4.1 General | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.1 General|109.3.4.1 General]] | ||
:::109.3.4.2 Patching | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.2 Patching|109.3.4.2 Patching]] | ||
:::109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays|109.3.4.3 Low-Permeability Overlays]] | ||
:::109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking|109.3.4.4 Widening and Partial-Width Re-decking]] | ||
:::109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction|109.3.4.5 Barrier Reconstruction]] | ||
::109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement|109.3.5 Concrete Deck Replacement]] | ||
:::109.3.5.1 General | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5.1 General|109.3.5.1 General]] | ||
:::109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete|109.3.5.2 Cast-in-Place Concrete]] | ||
:::109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete|109.3.5.3 Precast Concrete]] | ||
:109.4 Steel Grid Decks | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4 Steel Grid Decks|109.4 Steel Grid Decks]] | ||
::109.4.1 General | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.1 General|109.4.1 General]] | ||
::109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation|109.4.2 Existing Steel Grid Deck Evaluation]] | ||
:::109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue|109.4.2.1 Connection Failure and Fatigue]] | ||
:::109.4.2.2 Corrosion | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.2 Corrosion|109.4.2.2 Corrosion]] | ||
:::109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing|109.4.2.3 Delamination of Surfacing]] | ||
:::109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance|109.4.2.4 Reduced Skid Resistance]] | ||
::109.4.3 Design Considerations | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.4.3 Design Considerations|109.4.3 Design Considerations]] | ||
:109.5 Timber Decks | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.5 Timber Decks|109.5 Timber Decks]] | ||
::109.5.1 General | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.5.1 General|109.5.1 General]] | ||
::109.5.2 Design Considerations | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.5.2 Design Considerations|109.5.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
:109.6 Safety Considerations | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.6 Safety Considerations|109.6 Safety Considerations]] | ||
:109.7 Deck Joints | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.7 Deck Joints|109.7 Deck Joints]] | ||
:109.8 Approach Slabs | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.8 Approach Slabs|109.8 Approach Slabs]] | ||
:109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders|109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders]] | ||
::109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs|109.9.1 Reinforced-Concrete Slabs]] | ||
:::109.9.1.1 General | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1.1 General|109.9.1.1 General]] | ||
:::109.9.1.2 Design Considerations | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1.2 Design Considerations|109.9.1.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
:::109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening|109.9.1.3 Repair and Strengthening]] | ||
::109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams|109.9.2 Prestressed Concrete Beams]] | ||
:::109.9.2.1 General | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2.1 General|109.9.2.1 General]] | ||
:::109.9.2.2 Design Considerations | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2.2 Design Considerations|109.9.2.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
:::109.9.2.3 Repair Methods | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.2.3 Repair Methods|109.9.2.3 Repair Methods]] | ||
::109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders|109.9.3 Steel Beams and Girders]] | ||
:::109.9.3.1 General | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.1 General|109.9.3.1 General]] | ||
:::109.9.3.2 Design Considerations | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.2 Design Considerations|109.9.3.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
:::109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening|109.9.3.3 Repair and Strengthening]] | ||
:::109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair|109.9.3.4 Fatigue Evaluation and Repair]] | ||
:::109.9.3.5 Fire Damage | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.5 Fire Damage|109.9.3.5 Fire Damage]] | ||
:::109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting|109.9.3.6 Surface Preparation and Painting]] | ||
:::109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection|109.9.3.7 Cathodic Protection]] | ||
:::109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening|109.9.3.8 Heat Straightening]] | ||
:109.10 Bearings | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.10 Bearings|109.10 Bearings]] | ||
:109.11 Foundation and Substructure | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11 Foundation and Substructure|109.11 Foundation and Substructure]] | ||
::109.11.1 General | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.1 General|109.11.1 General]] | ||
::109.11.2 Design Considerations | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.2 Design Considerations|109.11.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
::109.11.3 Repair Methods | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3 Repair Methods|109.11.3 Repair Methods]] | ||
:::109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs|109.11.3.1 Bearing Seat Repairs]] | ||
:::109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs|109.11.3.2 Post-Tensioning Repairs]] | ||
:::109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs|109.11.3.3 Underwater and Splash-Zone Repairs]] | ||
:::109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs|109.11.3.4 Pile Repairs]] | ||
:::109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs | :::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs|109.11.3.5 Scour and Undermining Repairs]] | ||
::109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning|109.11.4 Stabilization and Underpinning]] | ||
:109.12 Retaining Walls | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12 Retaining Walls|109.12 Retaining Walls]] | ||
::109.12.1 General | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12.1 General|109.12.1 General]] | ||
::109.12.2 Design Considerations | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12.2 Design Considerations|109.12.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
::109.12.3 Repair Methods | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.12.3 Repair Methods|109.12.3 Repair Methods]] | ||
:109.13 Culverts | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13 Culverts|109.13 Culverts]] | ||
::109.13.1 General | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13.1 General|109.13.1 General]] | ||
::109.13.2 Design Considerations | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13.2 Design Considerations|109.13.2 Design Considerations]] | ||
::109.13.3 Repair Methods | ::[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.13.3 Repair Methods|109.13.3 Repair Methods]] | ||
:109.14 Utilities | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.14 Utilities|109.14 Utilities]] | ||
:109.15 Moveable Bridges | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.15 Moveable Bridges|109.15 Moveable Bridges]] | ||
:109.16 References | :[[109 - Bridge Preservation Strategies#109.16 References|109.16 References]] | ||
=== '''[[110 - Ancillary Structures|Section 110 Ancillary Structures]]''' === | === '''[[110 - Ancillary Structures|Section 110 Ancillary Structures]]''' === |
Revision as of 10:43, 10 December 2021
Section 101 Introduction
- 101.1 Purpose
- 101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual
- 101.3 Policy
- 101.4 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards
- 101.5 Terms
- 101.6 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement
- 101.7 Computer Software
- 101.8 Feedback
- 101.9 References
Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements
- 102.1 Plan Presentation
- 102.2 Special Provisions Development
- 102.3 Quantities and Cost Estimates
- 102.4 Construction Schedule
- 102.5 Bridge Design Procedures
- 102.6 Preliminary Design
- 102.7 Preliminary Construction Plans
- 102.8 Semi-Final Construction Plans
- 102.9 Final Construction Plans
- 102.10 Plans, Specifications, and Estimate
- 102.11 Bid-Cycle Requirements
- 102.12 References
Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection
- 103.1 Introduction
- 103.2 Terms
- 103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements
- 103.4 Structure Type Selection
- 103.5 Construction
- 103.6 Substructure Type Selection
- 103.7 Retaining Walls
- 103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines
- 103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction
- 103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads
- 103.11 References
Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics
- 104.1 Introduction
- 104.2 Hydrology
- 104.3 Hydraulics
- 104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection
- 104.5 Streams
- 104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
- 104.7 Plan Presentation
- 104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits
- 104.9 References
Appendix 104-1: Hydraulic Field Assessment Checklist
Appendix 104-2: Hydraulic Survey Form
Appendix 104-3: H&H Report Hydraulic Data Summary Sheet
Appendix 104-4: H&H Report Sample Format
Section 105 Geotechnical Investigations
- 105.1 Introduction
- 105.2 Terms
- 105.3 Subsurface Investigations
- 105.4 Subsurface Investigation Request
- 105.5 Geotechnical Report
- 105.6 Foundation Report
- 105.7 References
Section 106 Final Design Consideration – Superstructure
- 106.1 Introduction
- 106.2 Terms
- 106.3 Design Loads
- 106.4 Bridge Decks
- 106.4.1 Deck Type Considerations
- 106.4.2 Concrete Decks
- 106.4.2.1 Concrete Deck Design Considerations
- 106.4.2.2 Deck Thickness
- 106.4.2.3 Deck-Reinforcing Steel
- 106.4.2.4 Deck Haunch
- 106.4.2.5 Concrete Cover
- 106.4.2.6 Deck Placement Sequence
- 106.4.2.7 Deck Overhangs
- 106.4.2.8 Concrete Deck Finishing
- 106.4.2.9 Future Wearing Surface/Overlays
- 106.4.2.10 Concrete Deck Construction Joints
- 106.4.2.11 Temporary Protective Shield
- 106.4.3 Finished Deck Elevations
- 106.5 Bridge Barriers and Railings
- 106.6 Deck Joints
- 106.7 Approach Slab Design
- 106.8 Steel Superstructure Design Considerations
- 106.8.1 Structural Steel – Material Requirements
- 106.8.2 Fatigue and Fracture Considerations
- 106.8.3 Steel-Rolled Beams and Plate Girders
- 106.8.4 Shear Connectors
- 106.8.5 Stiffeners, Diaphragms, and Bracing
- 106.8.6 Bolted Connections
- 106.8.7 Protective Coatings
- 106.8.8 Steel-Plate Girder and Rolled Beam Bridges
- 106.8.9 Erection Analysis and Erection Plans
- 106.8.10 Deck Placement Sequence Analysis and Design
- 106.9 Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures
- 106.10 Bearings
- 106.10.1 Elastomeric Bearings
- 106.10.2 High-Load Multi-Rotational Bearings
- 106.10.3 Guidelines for Bearing Selection
- 106.10.4 Loads, Rotation and Translation
- 106.10.5 Design Requirements
- 106.10.6 Consecutively Fixed Piers
- 106.10.7 Accommodations for Future Bearing Replacement
- 106.10.8 Bearings for Horizontally-Curved and/or Skewed Bridges
- 106.10.9 Anchorage to Structure
- 106.10.10 Lateral Restraint
- 106.10.11 Uplift Restraint
- 106.10.12 Bearing Schedule
- 106.11 References
Section 107 Final Design Considerations – Substructure
- 107.1 Introduction
- 107.2 Terms
- 107.3 Foundation Design
- 107.3.1 Settlement Considerations
- 107.3.2 Spread Footing Foundations
- 107.3.3 Deep Foundations
- 107.3.4 Pile Foundations
- 107.3.4.1 Precast-Prestressed Concrete Piles
- 107.3.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles
- 107.3.4.3 Steel Shell and Cast-in-Place Piles
- 107.3.4.4 Steel H-Piles
- 107.3.4.5 Timber Piles
- 107.3.4.6 Drilled Shaft Foundations
- 107.3.4.7 Micropiles, Auger-cast Piles, and New Pile Technologies
- 107.3.4.8 Selection of Deep Foundation Type
- 107.3.4.9 Pile-Bearing Capacity
- 107.3.5 Additional Foundation Details
- 107.4 Substructure Design
- 107.5 Pier Design
- 107.6 Retaining Wall Design
- 107.7 Culvert Design
- 107.8 Architectural Treatments
- 107.9 Temporary Excavation Support Systems
- 107.10 References
Section 108 Bridge Load Rating
- 108.1 Introduction
- 108.2 Application
- 108.3 Terms
- 108.4 Load Rating Specifications
- 108.5 Load Rating Process
- 108.6 Responsibility
- 108.7 Quality Control Procedures
- 108.8 Quality Assurance Procedures
- 108.9 Load Rating Requirements
- 108.10 Load Rating Procedures
- 108.11 References
Appendix 108-1 – Sample Brass-LRFD Data File
Appendix 108-2 – Load Restriction Resolution
Section 109 Bridge Preservation Strategies
- 109.1 Introduction
- 109.2 Material Testing
- 109.3 Concrete Bridge Decks
- 109.4 Steel Grid Decks
- 109.5 Timber Decks
- 109.6 Safety Considerations
- 109.7 Deck Joints
- 109.8 Approach Slabs
- 109.9 Slabs, Beams, and Girders
- 109.10 Bearings
- 109.11 Foundation and Substructure
- 109.12 Retaining Walls
- 109.13 Culverts
- 109.14 Utilities
- 109.15 Moveable Bridges
- 109.16 References
Section 110 Ancillary Structures
- 110.1 Introduction
- 110.2 Terms
- 110.3 Overhead Sign Structures
- 110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
- 110.3.1.1 Cantilever Sign Structures
- 110.3.1.2 Span-Type Sign Structures
- 110.3.1.3 Bridge-Mounted Signs
- 110.3.2 General Design Considerations
- 110.3.2.1 Designer Responsibility
- 110.3.2.2 Materials
- 110.3.2.3 Design Criteria
- 110.3.2.4 Consideration for Future Conditions
- 110.3.3 Design Process
- 110.3.4 Foundations
- 110.3.1 Overhead Sign Structure Types and Geometrics
- 110.4 Sound Barrier Walls
- 110.4.1 Design Criteria
- 110.4.1.1 Designer Responsibility
- 110.4.1.2 General Criteria
- 110.4.1.3 Materials
- 110.4.1.4 Detailing Connections
- 110.4.1.5 Loads
- 110.4.1.6 Miscellaneous
- 110.4.2 Foundations
- 110.4.1 Design Criteria
- 110.5 References
Section 111 Construction Coordination
- 111.1 Working Drawings
- 111.1.1 Required Working Drawings
- 111.1.2 Working Drawings Review Procedure
- 111.1.2.1 Consultant Review of Working Drawings
- 111.1.3 Technical Guidelines for Review of Working Drawings
- 111.2 Contractor Requests for Information
- 111.3 Value Engineering Proposals (by Contractor)
- 111.4 Plan Revisions
- 111.5 As-Built Drawings
- 111.6 References