Table of Contents

From Delaware DOT Bridge Design Manual
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Section 101 Introduction

101.1 Purpose
101.2 Limitations of the Design Manual
101.3 Policy
101.4 Applicable Design Specifications and Standards
101.4.1 Design Specification Reference Nomenclature
101.4.2 Design Specifications
101.4.3 AASHTO Interim Specifications and New Editions
101.4.4 Deviations from Specifications
101.4.5 Order of Precedence
101.4.6 Modifications to the Design Manual
101.4.7 Additional Reference Manuals and Documents
101.5 Terms
101.5.1 Bridge Types
101.5.2 Roadway Types
101.5.2.1 Functional Classification
101.5.2.2 National Highway System
101.5.3 Project Types
101.6 FHWA Stewardship and Oversight Agreement
101.7 Computer Software
101.8 Feedback
101.9 References


Section 102 Bridge Design Submission Requirements

102.1 Plan Presentation
102.1.1 Drafting Standards
102.1.2 Plan Sheet Sequence
102.1.3 Bridge Sheet Preparation
102.1.3.1 General and Project Notes
102.1.3.2 Bridge Plan and Elevation
102.1.3.3 Lay-Out Plan
102.1.3.4 Other Plans
102.1.4 Bridge Number
102.2 Special Provisions Development
102.3 Quantities and Cost Estimates
102.4 Construction Schedule
102.5 Bridge Design Procedures
102.5.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
102.5.2 Designed-In Value
102.5.2.1 Alternatives Analysis
102.5.2.2 Life-Cycle Cost Analyses
102.5.3 Documentation of Design
102.5.4 Design Exceptions and Design Variances
102.5.5 Chronology of Submissions
102.6 Preliminary Design
102.6.1 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
102.6.2 Scour Evaluation Report
102.6.3 Foundation Reports
102.6.4 Conceptual Type, Size, and Location Plans
102.6.5 Type, Size, and Location Submission
102.6.5.1 Type, Size, and Location Submission Requirements
102.7 Preliminary Construction Plans
102.8 Semi-Final Construction Plans
102.9 Final Construction Plans
102.10 Plans, Specifications, and Estimate
102.11 Bid-Cycle Requirements
102.11.1 Addenda
102.11.2 Bid Opening and Bid Review
102.12 References


Section 103 Bridge Geometry and Structure Type Selection

103.1 Introduction
103.2 Terms
103.3 Bridge Geometric Design Requirements
103.3.1 Bridge Length
103.3.2 Minimum Width of Bridges
103.3.2.1 Shoulder Width Requirements for Deck Drainage
103.3.2.2 Sidewalks
103.3.2.3 Bicycle and Shared Use Facilities
103.3.2.4 Superelevation
103.3.3 Protection for Median Gap of Parallel Structures
103.3.4 Horizontal Clearance and Pier Protection
103.3.4.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains
103.3.4.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings
103.3.4.3 Over Railroads
103.3.5 Vertical Clearance
103.3.5.1 Over Rivers, Streams, Wetlands, Floodplains
103.3.5.2 Over Roadways / Grade Crossings
103.3.5.3 Over Railroads
103.3.6 Bridge Skew
103.3.7 Approach Slabs
103.4 Structure Type Selection
103.4.1 Bridge Types
103.4.1.1 Structural Steel
103.4.1.2 Concrete Bridges
103.4.1.3 Timber Bridges
103.4.1.4 Culverts
103.4.2 Selection of Superstructure Type
103.4.2.1 Spans less than 20 feet
103.4.2.2 Spans from 20 feet to 30 feet
103.4.2.3 Spans from 30 feet to 90 feet
103.4.2.4 Spans from 90 feet to 165 feet
103.4.2.5 Spans greater than 165 feet
103.5 Construction
103.5.1 Future Re-decking Considerations
103.5.2 Consideration for Future Widening
103.5.3 Hauling Permits
103.5.4 Maintenance of Traffic
103.5.5 Inspectability
103.6 Substructure Type Selection
103.6.1 General Considerations
103.6.2 Abutments and Wingwalls
103.6.3 Piers
103.7 Retaining Walls
103.7.1 Wall Types
103.7.1.1 Post and Plank Walls
103.7.1.2 Sheet Pile Walls
103.7.1.3 Reinforced Concrete Walls
103.7.1.4 Anchored Walls
103.7.1.5 Proprietary Retaining Walls
103.8 Bridge Rehabilitation versus Replacement Selection Guidelines
103.8.1 Cost
103.8.2 Safety
103.8.3 Bridge Type
103.8.4 Bridge Standards
103.8.5 Feature Crossed
103.8.6 Comprehensive Assessment of Rehabilitation versus Replacement
103.9 Accelerated Bridge Construction
103.9.1 Decision-Making/Planning Process
103.9.1.1 ABC Rating Score
103.9.1.2 FHWA Decision Flowcharts / ABC AHP Software Tool
103.9.1.3 Emergency Projects
103.9.1.4 Repair and Rehabilitation Projects
103.9.2 ABC Methods/Techniques
103.9.2.1 Foundation and Wall Elements
103.9.2.2 Rapid Embankment Construction
103.9.2.3 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems
103.9.2.4 Structural Placement Methods
103.9.2.5 Fast-Track Contracting
103.10 Requirements for the Design of Highway Bridges over Railroads
103.11 References


Section 104 Hydrology and Hydraulics

104.1 Introduction
104.1.1 Terms
104.1.2 Coordination
104.1.3 Design Responsibilities
104.1.4 Field Data Collection
104.1.5 Topographic Survey and Extent of Hydraulic Study
104.2 Hydrology
104.2.1 Introduction
104.2.2 Documentation
104.2.3 Precipitation
104.2.3.1 The Rational Method
104.2.3.2 Delaware Regression Method (SIR 2006-5146)
104.2.3.3 Published Reports
104.2.3.4 Flood-Frequency Analysis of Recorded Stream Gage Data
104.2.3.5 Other Methods/Models
104.2.4 Methodology Selection Guidance
104.2.5 Design Flood Frequency
104.2.6 Confidence Intervals
104.2.7 Frequency Mixing (Probability of Coincidental Occurrence)
104.3 Hydraulics
104.3.1 Culverts
104.3.1.1 Sizing
104.3.1.2 Site Conditions and Skew
104.3.1.3 Shape/Material
104.3.1.4 Environmental Considerations
104.3.2 Bridges
104.3.2.1 Sizing
104.3.2.2 Site Conditions and Skew
104.3.2.3 Shape/Material
104.3.3 Hydraulics for Dam Safety Projects
104.3.3.1 Sizing
104.3.3.2 Site Conditions and Bridges Near Non-regulated Dams
104.3.3.3 Shape/Material
104.3.3.4 Dam Safety Regulations
104.3.4 Tidal Hydraulics – Bridges and Culverts
104.3.4.1 General
104.3.4.2 Use of Qualified Coastal Engineers
104.3.4.3 Tidal Hydraulic and Scour Analysis
104.3.4.4 Tidal Modeling
104.3.4.5 Freeboard for Tidal Bridges
104.3.4.6 Sea Level Rise
104.3.4.7 Tidal Hydraulics References
104.3.5 Hydraulics Methodologies and Software
104.3.5.1 HEC-RAS
104.3.5.2 HY-8
104.3.5.3 Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models
104.4 Scour Evaluation and Protection
104.4.1 Scour Investigation
104.4.2 Scour Components
104.4.2.2 Long-Term Scour
104.4.2.3 Contraction Scour
104.4.2.4 Local Scour
104.4.3 Scour Flood Magnitude
104.4.4 Design Considerations
104.4.4.1 Scour Due to Lateral Movement
104.4.4.2 Spread Footings
104.4.4.3 Dams and Backwater
104.4.4.4 Streambed Material
104.4.4.5 Scour in Cohesive Soils
104.4.4.6 Scourability of Rock
104.4.5 Scour Countermeasures
104.4.5.1 Riprap Protection
104.4.5.2 Guide Banks
104.4.5.3 Scour Protection at Culverts
104.4.6 Scour Evaluation Documentation
104.4.7 Scour Plan Presentation
104.5 Streams
104.5.1 Stream Stability Analysis
104.5.2 Bank Protection
104.5.3 Channel Modifications
104.5.4 Stream Diversions
104.5.5 Ice and Debris
104.6 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report
104.6.1 Hydraulic Summary Data Sheet and Definitions
104.7 Plan Presentation
104.8 Laws, Policy, Regulations and Permits
104.8.1 FEMA Compliance
104.8.2 New Castle County Requirements
104.8.3 Tax Ditches
104.8.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis
104.8.5 Aids to Navigation
104.8.6 DelDOT Project Development Manual
104.9 References
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